流浪在宇宙

2019-01-14  本文已影响0人  留子儿

星际行星 (Interstellar planet),又称为流浪行星 (Rogue planet)、游牧行星 (Nomad planet)、自由浮动行星 (Free-floating planet) 或孤儿行星 (Orphan planet)。简单来说,就是不围绕任何恒星公转的行星 (或只围绕星系公转的行星)。

星际行星虽然不围绕任何星体公转,但却具有行星质量。星际行星可能是受到其他行星等天体的引力影响被抛出原本的行星系统,也可能是在行星系统形成期间被弹射出来,从而流浪于星系或宇宙之中。

2011年,科学家利用重力微透镜法首度证实了星际行星的存在,并推测出银河系内同木星大小相当的星际行星数量是恒星的两倍之多。虽然星际行星在星际中流浪着,但这并不代表这些行星之上没有生命迹象。

本篇课程首发于2017年8月2日,选自 The Economist Espresso APP

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Going Rogue: Free-Roaming Planets

① Thirty years ago, no one was sure any planets existed beyond the solar system.

② Using telescopes dazzlingly sensitive to distant stars' light, astronomers now know there are billions—on average, one around every star dotting the heavens.

③ But consider a different space denizen: "rogue planets" wandering the cosmos free of any star's pull.

④ These, the thinking goes, have been flung from a star's orbit by some impact or gravitational interplay.

⑤ Absent a host star to shed light on them, though, how to estimate their number?

⑥ A study in Nature this week refines earlier rough guesses, by cleverly using starlight once more.

⑦ A Polish team examined data from OGLE, a "gravitational microlensing" telescope that spots the subtle bending of starlight by much closer, passing masses.

⑧ The team now reckons there are far fewer Jupiter-sized rogues than previously estimated, but a preponderance of Earth-sized ones: as many as two for every star you can see.

▍生词好句

rogue /rəʊɡ/: adj. 离群的;特立独行的

rogue planet /ˈplanɪt/: 流浪行星

roam /rəʊm/: vi. 游荡;漫步

dazzlingly: adv. 非凡地

dazzling /ˈdæzəlɪŋ/: adj. 炫目的

denizen /ˈdenɪzən/: n. 居民;栖息某地的生物

wander /ˈwɒndər/: vt. 闲逛;漫步

cosmos /ˈkɒzmɒs/: n. 宇宙

fling /flɪŋ/: vt. 扔;投掷;猛推

gravitational /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənəl/: adj. 引力作用的;引力的

interplay /ˈɪntəpleɪ/: n. 相互作用

refine /rɪˈfaɪn/: vt. 修正;改进

preponderance /prɪˈpɒnd(ə)r(ə)ns/: n. 占主导地位

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