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Spring Cloud Nacos 2021使用LoadBal

2022-07-19  本文已影响0人  AC编程
一、微服务之间的调用方式

Spring Cloud中微服务调用默认是用http请求,主要通过一下三种 API

二、LoadBalancer替代了Ribbon

Ribbon目前已经停止维护,新版SpringCloud(2021.x.x)LoadBalancer替代了RibbonSpring Cloud全家桶在Spring Cloud Commons项目中,添加了Spring cloud Loadbalancer作为新的负载均衡器,并且做了兼容

Nacos 2021版本已经没有自带ribbon的整合,所以无法通过修改Ribbon负载均衡的模式来实现nacos提供的负载均衡模式,需要引入另一个支持的jar包loadbalancer。

三、使用nacos 2021.1版本实现负载均衡

nacos最新版 2021.1版本中

<dependency>
 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
 <version>2021.1</version>
</dependency>

这个包已经不提供ribbon支持,需要引入另一个jar包

<dependency>
 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
 <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>

使用这个包来实现负载均衡,具体实现方式和先前版本一样。

@Bean
@LoadBalanced //负载均衡注解
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
    return new RestTemplate();
}

注册bean的同时,添加LoadBalanced负载均衡注解,到这一步为止,可以实现基本的负载均衡功能,负载均衡默认配置为轮询配置

四、配置负载均衡策略

4.1 Ribbon载均衡策略

Ribbon有多种负载均衡策略

4.2 LoadBalancer载均衡策略

LoadBalancer貌似只提供了两种负载均衡器,不指定的时候默认用的是轮询

五、自定义loadbalancer负载均衡

5.1 实现loadbalancer自定义负载均衡模式进行注入

一共有两种写法,可以直接在Spring配置文件中注入Bean,但是这样的话,在 LoadBalancerClients 提供的类里需要写为Spring的配置文件类

import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.annotation.LoadBalancerClients;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ReactorLoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ServiceInstanceListSupplier;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.support.LoadBalancerClientFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
@LoadBalancerClients(defaultConfiguration = {SpringBeanConfiguration.class})
public class SpringBeanConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    @Bean
    ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> randomLoadBalancer(Environment environment,
                                                            LoadBalancerClientFactory loadBalancerClientFactory) {
        String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);

        return new NacosSameClusterWeightedRule(loadBalancerClientFactory
                .getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class),
                name);
    }
}

或者新建一个类

import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ReactorLoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ServiceInstanceListSupplier;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.support.LoadBalancerClientFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;

//这里不用写Configuration
public class NacosSameClusterConfiguration{
    @Bean
    ReactorLoadBalancer<ServiceInstance> randomLoadBalancer(Environment environment,
                                                            LoadBalancerClientFactory loadBalancerClientFactory) {
        String name = environment.getProperty(LoadBalancerClientFactory.PROPERTY_NAME);

        // 返回内容为自定义负载均衡的配置类
        return new NacosSameClusterWeightedRule(loadBalancerClientFactory
                .getLazyProvider(name, ServiceInstanceListSupplier.class),
                name);
    }
}


import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.annotation.LoadBalancerClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
// 在这里配置我们自定义的LoadBalancer策略,注:这里的类为注入Bean的类,而非负载均衡的实现类
@LoadBalancerClients(defaultConfiguration = {NacosSameClusterConfiguration.class})
public class SpringBeanConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

}
5.2 实现自定义的负载均衡,基于nacos的同集群优先调用以及基于权重调用思想实现
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import com.alibaba.cloud.nacos.NacosDiscoveryProperties;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.naming.pojo.Instance;
import com.alibaba.nacos.api.utils.StringUtils;
import com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming.core.Balancer;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.DefaultResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.EmptyResponse;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Request;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.Response;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.SelectedInstanceCallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.loadbalancer.core.ServiceInstanceListSupplier;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Slf4j
// 自定义负载均衡实现需要实现 ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer 接口 以及重写choose方法
public class NacosSameClusterWeightedRule implements ReactorServiceInstanceLoadBalancer {

    // 注入当前服务的nacos的配置信息
    @Resource
    private NacosDiscoveryProperties nacosDiscoveryProperties;

    // loadbalancer 提供的访问当前服务的名称
    final String serviceId;

    // loadbalancer 提供的访问的服务列表
    ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;

    public NacosSameClusterWeightedRule(ObjectProvider<ServiceInstanceListSupplier> serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider, String serviceId) {
        this.serviceId = serviceId;
        this.serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider = serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider;
    }

/**
     * 服务器调用负载均衡时调的放啊
     * 此处代码内容与 RandomLoadBalancer 一致
     */
    public Mono<Response<ServiceInstance>> choose(Request request) {
        ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier = this.serviceInstanceListSupplierProvider.getIfAvailable(NoopServiceInstanceListSupplier::new);
        return supplier.get(request).next().map((serviceInstances) -> {
            return this.processInstanceResponse(supplier, serviceInstances);
        });
    }

    /**
     * 对负载均衡的服务进行筛选的方法
     * 此处代码内容与 RandomLoadBalancer 一致
     */
    private Response<ServiceInstance> processInstanceResponse(ServiceInstanceListSupplier supplier, List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances) {
        Response<ServiceInstance> serviceInstanceResponse = this.getInstanceResponse(serviceInstances);
        if (supplier instanceof SelectedInstanceCallback && serviceInstanceResponse.hasServer()) {
            ((SelectedInstanceCallback)supplier).selectedServiceInstance((ServiceInstance)serviceInstanceResponse.getServer());
        }

        return serviceInstanceResponse;
    }

    /**
     * 对负载均衡的服务进行筛选的方法
     * 自定义
     * 此处的 instances 实例列表  只会提供健康的实例  所以不需要担心如果实例无法访问的情况
     */
    private Response<ServiceInstance> getInstanceResponse(List<ServiceInstance> instances) {
        if (instances.isEmpty()) {
            return new EmptyResponse();
        }
        // 获取当前服务所在的集群名称
        String currentClusterName = nacosDiscoveryProperties.getClusterName();
        // 过滤在同一集群下注册的服务 根据集群名称筛选的集合
        List<ServiceInstance> sameClusterNameInstList  = instances.stream().filter(i-> StringUtils.equals(i.getMetadata().get("nacos.cluster"),currentClusterName)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        ServiceInstance sameClusterNameInst;
        if (sameClusterNameInstList.isEmpty()) {
            // 如果为空,则根据权重直接过滤所有服务列表
            sameClusterNameInst = getHostByRandomWeight(instances);
        } else {
            // 如果不为空,则根据权重直接过滤所在集群下的服务列表
            sameClusterNameInst = getHostByRandomWeight(sameClusterNameInstList);
        }
        return new DefaultResponse(sameClusterNameInst);
    }

    private ServiceInstance getHostByRandomWeight(List<ServiceInstance> sameClusterNameInstList){

        List<Instance> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<String,ServiceInstance> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        // 此处将 ServiceInstance 转化为 Instance 是为了接下来调用nacos中的权重算法,由于入参不同,所以需要转换,此处建议打断电进行参数调试,以下是我目前为止所用到的参数,转化为map是为了最终方便获取取值到的服务对象
        sameClusterNameInstList.forEach(i->{
            Instance ins = new Instance();
            Map<String, String> metadata = i.getMetadata();

            ins.setInstanceId(metadata.get("nacos.instanceId"));
            ins.setWeight(new BigDecimal(metadata.get("nacos.weight")).doubleValue());
            ins.setClusterName(metadata.get("nacos.cluster"));
            ins.setEphemeral(Boolean.parseBoolean(metadata.get("nacos.ephemeral")));
            ins.setHealthy(Boolean.parseBoolean(metadata.get("nacos.healthy")));
            ins.setPort(i.getPort());
            ins.setIp(i.getHost());
            ins.setServiceName(i.getServiceId());

            ins.setMetadata(metadata);

            list.add(ins);
            // key为服务ID,值为服务对象
            dataMap.put(metadata.get("nacos.instanceId"),i);
        });
        // 调用nacos官方提供的负载均衡权重算法
        Instance hostByRandomWeightCopy = ExtendBalancer.getHostByRandomWeightCopy(list);

        // 根据最终ID获取需要返回的实例对象
        return dataMap.get(hostByRandomWeightCopy.getInstanceId());
    }

}

class ExtendBalancer extends Balancer {
    /**
     * 根据权重选择随机选择一个
     */
    public static Instance getHostByRandomWeightCopy(List<Instance> hosts) {
        return getHostByRandomWeight(hosts);
    }
}
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