Retrofit+OKHttp源码分析

Retrofit

Retrofit调用流程分析
1.创建OkHttpClient对象，配置Intercept、网络参数等等
2.创建Retrofit对象，配置ConverterFactory和CallAdapterFactory
3.调用Retrofit.create(apiService)获取接口对象，这里实际返回的是一个动态代理

  public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) {
    Utils.validateServiceInterface(service);
    if (validateEagerly) {
      eagerlyValidateMethods(service);
    }
    return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service },
        new InvocationHandler() {
          private final Platform platform = Platform.get();

          @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object... args)
              throws Throwable {
            // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation.
            if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
              return method.invoke(this, args);
            }
            if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) {
              return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args);
            }
            ServiceMethod serviceMethod = loadServiceMethod(method);
            OkHttpCall okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
            return serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall);
          }
        });
  }

4.获取到动态代理对象后，调用具体的方法时，可以参考上面的代码，实际调用的是serviceMethod.callAdapter.adapt(okHttpCall)，这里有两个关键的对象，ServiceMethod和OkHttpCall
5.callAdapter是在创建serviceMethod时确定的，他会根据需要的返回值类型，遍历注册的CallAdapter.Factory，每个Factory中会判断该返回值类型是不是自己要处理的，如果是则返回相应的CallAdapter并且赋值给callAdapter，之后在CallAdapter中会new出需要的返回对象并返回给调用者

    public ServiceMethod build() {
      callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
      ...
    }

    private CallAdapter<?> createCallAdapter() {
      Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
      if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) {
        throw methodError(
            "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType);
      }
      if (returnType == void.class) {
        throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void.");
      }
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        return retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType);
      }
    }

  public CallAdapter<?> callAdapter(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations) {
    return nextCallAdapter(null, returnType, annotations);
  }

  public CallAdapter<?> nextCallAdapter(CallAdapter.Factory skipPast, Type returnType,
      Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(returnType, "returnType == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = adapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      CallAdapter<?> adapter = adapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this);
      if (adapter != null) {
        return adapter;
      }
    }

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate call adapter for ")
        .append(returnType)
        .append(".\n");
    if (skipPast != null) {
      builder.append("  Skipped:");
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
      }
      builder.append('\n');
    }
    builder.append("  Tried:");
    for (int i = start, count = adapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      builder.append("\n   * ").append(adapterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
  }

6.在Retrofit中，call被包装成了OkHttpCall。在RxJava2CallAdapterFactory中，最后返回的是RxJava2CallAdapter。在adapt方法中，最后返回的是CallObservable，而CallObservable中保存了OKHttpCall的实例，所以调用者实际拿到的是CallObservable。在CallObservable中就可以看到最终实现网络请求的逻辑了。

final class CallObservable<T> extends Observable<Response<T>> {
  private final Call<T> originalCall;

  CallObservable(Call<T> originalCall) {
    this.originalCall = originalCall;
  }

  @Override protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super Response<T>> observer) {
    // Since Call is a one-shot type, clone it for each new observer.
    Call<T> call = originalCall.clone();
    observer.onSubscribe(new CallDisposable(call));

    boolean terminated = false;
    try {
      Response<T> response = call.execute();
      if (!call.isCanceled()) {
        observer.onNext(response);
      }
      if (!call.isCanceled()) {
        terminated = true;
        observer.onComplete();
      }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      Exceptions.throwIfFatal(t);
      if (terminated) {
        RxJavaPlugins.onError(t);
      } else if (!call.isCanceled()) {
        try {
          observer.onError(t);
        } catch (Throwable inner) {
          Exceptions.throwIfFatal(inner);
          RxJavaPlugins.onError(new CompositeException(t, inner));
        }
      }
    }
  }

  private static final class CallDisposable implements Disposable {
    private final Call<?> call;

    CallDisposable(Call<?> call) {
      this.call = call;
    }

    @Override public void dispose() {
      call.cancel();
    }

    @Override public boolean isDisposed() {
      return call.isCanceled();
    }
  }
}

7.CallObservable在最终被订阅时，开始执行请求操作。这里会调用OKHttpCall的call.execute()方法。在该方法中，会调用OKHttp中的Call类的execute方法，实现类是RealCall。

  @Override public Response<T> execute() throws IOException {
    okhttp3.Call call;

    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already executed.");
      executed = true;

      if (creationFailure != null) {
        if (creationFailure instanceof IOException) {
          throw (IOException) creationFailure;
        } else {
          throw (RuntimeException) creationFailure;
        }
      }

      call = rawCall;
      if (call == null) {
        try {
          call = rawCall = createRawCall();
        } catch (IOException | RuntimeException e) {
          creationFailure = e;
          throw e;
        }
      }
    }

    if (canceled) {
      call.cancel();
    }

    return parseResponse(call.execute());
  }

8.请求成功时，拿到OKHttp的response后。在OKHttpCall中会调用parseResponse。这里最终会调用serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody)方法。在该方法中，会调用responseConverter.convert(body)来完成返回结果的类型转换操作。

  Response<T> parseResponse(okhttp3.Response rawResponse) throws IOException {
    ResponseBody rawBody = rawResponse.body();

    // Remove the body's source (the only stateful object) so we can pass the response along.
    rawResponse = rawResponse.newBuilder()
        .body(new NoContentResponseBody(rawBody.contentType(), rawBody.contentLength()))
        .build();

    int code = rawResponse.code();
    if (code < 200 || code >= 300) {
      try {
        // Buffer the entire body to avoid future I/O.
        ResponseBody bufferedBody = Utils.buffer(rawBody);
        return Response.error(bufferedBody, rawResponse);
      } finally {
        rawBody.close();
      }
    }

    if (code == 204 || code == 205) {
      return Response.success(null, rawResponse);
    }

    ExceptionCatchingRequestBody catchingBody = new ExceptionCatchingRequestBody(rawBody);
    try {
      T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);
      return Response.success(body, rawResponse);
    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
      // If the underlying source threw an exception, propagate that rather than indicating it was
      // a runtime exception.
      catchingBody.throwIfCaught();
      throw e;
    }
  }

  /** Builds a method return value from an HTTP response body. */
  T toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException {
    return responseConverter.convert(body);
  }

9.上面说到的responseConverter同callAdapter一样是在ServiceMethod对象创建时确定的，根据返回类型，会遍历注册的Converter.Factory，在Factory的responseBodyConverter方法中，会判断是否是自己要处理的，如果是，返回相应的Converter。

    public ServiceMethod build() {
      callAdapter = createCallAdapter();
      responseConverter = createResponseConverter();
      ...
    }

    private Converter<ResponseBody, T> createResponseConverter() {
      Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
      try {
        return retrofit.responseBodyConverter(responseType, annotations);
      } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code.
        throw methodError(e, "Unable to create converter for %s", responseType);
      }
    }

  /**
   * Returns a {@link Converter} for {@link ResponseBody} to {@code type} from the available
   * {@linkplain #converterFactories() factories}.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no converter available for {@code type}.
   */
  public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
    return nextResponseBodyConverter(null, type, annotations);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@link Converter} for {@link ResponseBody} to {@code type} from the available
   * {@linkplain #converterFactories() factories} except {@code skipPast}.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no converter available for {@code type}.
   */
  public <T> Converter<ResponseBody, T> nextResponseBodyConverter(Converter.Factory skipPast,
      Type type, Annotation[] annotations) {
    checkNotNull(type, "type == null");
    checkNotNull(annotations, "annotations == null");

    int start = converterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1;
    for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      Converter<ResponseBody, ?> converter =
          converterFactories.get(i).responseBodyConverter(type, annotations, this);
      if (converter != null) {
        //noinspection unchecked
        return (Converter<ResponseBody, T>) converter;
      }
    }

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("Could not locate ResponseBody converter for ")
        .append(type)
        .append(".\n");
    if (skipPast != null) {
      builder.append("  Skipped:");
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        builder.append("\n   * ").append(converterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
      }
      builder.append('\n');
    }
    builder.append("  Tried:");
    for (int i = start, count = converterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) {
      builder.append("\n   * ").append(converterFactories.get(i).getClass().getName());
    }
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(builder.toString());
  }

到这里一次请求就完成了，分析了retrofit是如何处理请求和返回类型的。主要涉及CallAdapter和Converter两个类，利用动态代理巧妙的完成了对请求和返回类型转换的处理。

OkHttp

上面分析了Retrofit的调用流程，下面来分析一下OkHttp的调用流程。
在上面分析的第7步，调用了OkHttp中的Call类的execute方法。

  @Override public Response execute() throws IOException {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    captureCallStackTrace();
    try {
      client.dispatcher().executed(this);
      Response result = getResponseWithInterceptorChain();
      if (result == null) throw new IOException("Canceled");
      return result;
    } finally {
      client.dispatcher().finished(this);
    }
  }

这里会调用getResponseWithInterceptorChain()执行网络请求并获取请求的Response。

  Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain() throws IOException {
    // Build a full stack of interceptors.
    List<Interceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>();
    interceptors.addAll(client.interceptors());
    interceptors.add(retryAndFollowUpInterceptor);
    interceptors.add(new BridgeInterceptor(client.cookieJar()));
    interceptors.add(new CacheInterceptor(client.internalCache()));
    interceptors.add(new ConnectInterceptor(client));
    if (!forWebSocket) {
      interceptors.addAll(client.networkInterceptors());
    }
    interceptors.add(new CallServerInterceptor(forWebSocket));

    Interceptor.Chain chain = new RealInterceptorChain(
        interceptors, null, null, null, 0, originalRequest);
    return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
  }

在这里，会把OkHttp的一些默认的Interceptor和我们添加的一些Interceptor。最后调用RealInterceptorChain的proceed方法。

  @Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
    return proceed(request, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection);
  }

  public Response proceed(Request request, StreamAllocation streamAllocation, HttpCodec httpCodec,
      RealConnection connection) throws IOException {
    if (index >= interceptors.size()) throw new AssertionError();

    calls++;

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that the incoming request will use it.
    if (this.httpCodec != null && !this.connection.supportsUrl(request.url())) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must retain the same host and port");
    }

    // If we already have a stream, confirm that this is the only call to chain.proceed().
    if (this.httpCodec != null && calls > 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptors.get(index - 1)
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Call the next interceptor in the chain.
    RealInterceptorChain next = new RealInterceptorChain(
        interceptors, streamAllocation, httpCodec, connection, index + 1, request);
    Interceptor interceptor = interceptors.get(index);
    Response response = interceptor.intercept(next);

    // Confirm that the next interceptor made its required call to chain.proceed().
    if (httpCodec != null && index + 1 < interceptors.size() && next.calls != 1) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("network interceptor " + interceptor
          + " must call proceed() exactly once");
    }

    // Confirm that the intercepted response isn't null.
    if (response == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("interceptor " + interceptor + " returned null");
    }

    return response;
  }

这里可以看到，其实就是不断的遍历interceptors的Interceptor，每次Interceptor执行proceed都会把当前的index+1。这就是OkHttp的一个主要流程了，采用了链式的方式来逐个执行。