springboot

210606:http post 方法传递参数-SpringBo

2021-06-06  本文已影响0人  弹钢琴的崽崽

一. http post 方法传递参数的2种方式

try{
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(param);//param参数,可以为"key1=value1&key2=value2"的一串字符串
    stringEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
    HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
    HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
    String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), HTTP.UTF_8);
} catch(IOException e){
}

有的时候我们不想要通过上面的方式来传递参数,因为考虑请求接口时我比较喜欢的方式是直接把key和value连成一串,如"key1=value1&key2=value2"来作为参数,这样http get和post的方法都可以用同样的结构来作为参数,于是http post的方法请求服务器数据时可以用下面的方法来实现.

List<NameValuePair>list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(keys[i], values[i]));
}
HttpPost httpRequst = new HttpPost(urlString);
httpRequst.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));

二. SpringBoot整合websocket实现群聊

前言:

这里不做springboot框架搭建步骤,只做具体的实现,代码里有具体注释,所以不做多解释这里。

代码里可能有相关日志的输出用到了slf4j

1. 引入WebSocket依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. 写入WebSocket配置类

@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
    //实例化一个Bean对象
    @Bean
    public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
        return new ServerEndpointExporter();
    }
}

3. 写入WebSocket群聊Controller控制层

@Slf4j
@Component
@ServerEndpoint("/groupChat/{Group_no}/{username}")
public class GroupChatController {
    // 保存 组id->组成员 的映射关系 之所以使用ConcurrentHashMap因为这个是线程安全的,里面采用了分段锁而HashMap是线程不安全的
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, List<Session>> groupMemberInfoMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    // 收到消息调用的方法,群成员发送消息
    @OnMessage
    public void onMessage(@PathParam("Group_no") String Group_no,
                          @PathParam("username") String username, String message) {
        //得到当前群的所有会话,也就是所有用户
        List<Session> sessionList = groupMemberInfoMap.get(Group_no);
        // 遍历Session集合给每个会话发送文本消息
        sessionList.forEach(item -> {
            try {
                String text = username + ": " + message;
                item.getBasicRemote().sendText(text);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 建立连接调用的方法,群成员加入
     * @param session 会话
     * @param Group_no 群id
     */
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("Group_no") String Group_no) {
        //得到当前群的所有会话,也就是所有用户
        List<Session> sessionList = groupMemberInfoMap.get(Group_no);
        if (sessionList == null) {
            sessionList = new ArrayList<>();
            groupMemberInfoMap.put(Group_no,sessionList);
        }
        sessionList.add(session);
        log.info("连接建立");
        log.info("群号: {}, 群人数: {}", Group_no, sessionList.size());
    }

    // 关闭连接调用的方法,群成员退出
    @OnClose
    public void onClose(Session session, @PathParam("Group_no") String Group_no) {
        List<Session> sessionList = groupMemberInfoMap.get(Group_no);
        sessionList.remove(session);
        log.info("连接关闭");
        log.info("群号: {}, 群人数: {}", Group_no, sessionList.size());
    }

    // 传输消息错误调用的方法
    @OnError
    public void OnError(Throwable error) {
        log.info("连接出错:{}",error.getMessage());
    }
}

4. 配置文件

# 服务端口
server.port=8080

5. 前端html,注释是全套的,自己一边用一边理解

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>测试WebSocket</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
    
</div>
<center>
<div>
    <h1>WebSocket群聊</h1>
    <input type="text" id="Group_no" placeholder="请输入房间号"/><br>
    <input type="text" id="nickname" placeholder="请输入昵称"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="连接" onclick="connect()" /><br>
    <textarea rows="3" cols="20" id="content"></textarea><br>
    <input type="submit" value="发送" onclick="start()" />
    <br>
</div>
<div id="messages"></div>
</center>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var webSocket = null;
    //收到消息
    function onMessage(event) {
        document.getElementById('messages').innerHTML
            += '<br />' + event.data;
    }
    //建立连接
    function onOpen(event) {
        document.getElementById('messages').innerHTML
            = '连接已经建立';
    }
    //发生错误
    function onError(event) {
        alert("发生错误");
        webSocket = null;
    }
    //连接关闭
    function onClose(event) {
        alert("连接关闭");
        webSocket = null;
    }
    //连接
    function connect() {
        //获取群号
        var Group_no = document.getElementById('Group_no').value;
        //获取昵称
        var nickname = document.getElementById('nickname').value;
        //验证非法数据
        if (url == '' || nickname == '') {
            alert("群号和用户名不能为空");
            return;
        }
        //验证是否已经建立连接
        if(webSocket!=null){
            alert("已经建立过连接,如需重新建立连接,请自行更改逻辑,或者重新刷新页面");
            return; 
        }
        //创建Websocket连接url
        var url = 'ws://localhost:8080/groupChat/' + Group_no + '/' + nickname;
        //实例化WebSocket
        webSocket = new WebSocket(url);
        //出现错误
        webSocket.onerror = function(event) {
            onError(event)
        };
        //调用创建连接
        webSocket.onopen = function(event) {
            onOpen(event)
        };
        //调用收到消息
        webSocket.onmessage = function(event) {
            onMessage(event)
        };
        //调用关闭连接
        webSocket.onclose = function(event) {
            onClose(event)
        };
    }
    //开始发送
    function start() {
        //获取发送的内容
        var text = document.getElementById('content').value;
        if(text== ''){
            alert("发送内容不允许为空");
            return;
        }
        if(webSocket==null){
            alert("请先建立连接");
            return;
        }
        //调用WebSocket发送的方法
        webSocket.send(text);
        //初始化文本域的内容为空
        document.getElementById('content').value = '';
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>

原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41741884/article/details/103832925

三. springboot跨域请求解决方案+前后端分离跨域问题其他解决方案

简述跨域问题

1. SpringBoot跨域请求

1.1 直接采用SpringBoot的注解@CrossOrigin

Controller层在需要跨域的类或者方法上加上该注解即可。

1.2 处理跨域请求的Configuration

CrossOriginConfig.java
继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter或者实现WebMvcConfigurer接口

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.CorsRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

/**
 * AJAX请求跨域
 * @author Mr.W
 * @time 2018-08-13
 */
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    static final String ORIGINS[] = new String[] { "GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE" };
    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/**").allowedOrigins("*").allowCredentials(true).allowedMethods(ORIGINS)
                .maxAge(3600);
    }
}

1.3 采用过滤器的方式

 @Component
public class CORSFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletResponse res = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        res.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
        res.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        res.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, DELETE, PUT");
        res.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type,X-CAF-Authorization-Token,sessionToken,X-TOKEN");
        if (((HttpServletRequest) request).getMethod().equals("OPTIONS")) {
            response.getWriter().println("ok");
            return;
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }
}

1.4 方式4

引入maven依赖:

 <dependency>
    <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
    <artifactId>reactor-core</artifactId>
    <version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.cors.reactive.CorsUtils;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import org.springframework.web.server.WebFilter;
import org.springframework.web.server.WebFilterChain;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;


/**
 * @author JiaweiWu
 * @create 2018/3/22.
 */
@Configuration
public class RouteConfiguration {
    //这里为支持的请求头,如果有自定义的header字段请自己添加(不知道为什么不能使用*)
    private static final String ALLOWED_HEADERS = "x-requested-with, authorization, Content-Type, Authorization, credential, X-XSRF-TOKEN,token,username,client";
    private static final String ALLOWED_METHODS = "*";
    private static final String ALLOWED_ORIGIN = "*";
    private static final String ALLOWED_Expose = "*";
    private static final String MAX_AGE = "18000L";

    @Bean
    public WebFilter corsFilter() {
        return (ServerWebExchange ctx, WebFilterChain chain) -> {
            ServerHttpRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
            if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
                ServerHttpResponse response = ctx.getResponse();
                HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders();
                headers.add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", ALLOWED_ORIGIN);
                headers.add("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", ALLOWED_METHODS);
                headers.add("Access-Control-Max-Age", MAX_AGE);
                headers.add("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", ALLOWED_HEADERS);
                headers.add("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", ALLOWED_Expose);
                headers.add("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true");
                if (request.getMethod() == HttpMethod.OPTIONS) {
                    response.setStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK);
                    return Mono.empty();
                }
            }
            return chain.filter(ctx);
        };
    }
}

2. 前后分离的跨域问题其他解决方案

2.1 Nginx服务器反向代理

通过反向代理服务器监听同端口,同域名的访问,不同路径映射到不同的地址,比如,在nginx服务器中,监听同一个域名和端口,不同路径转发到客户端和服务器,把不同端口和域名的限制通过反向代理,来解决跨域的问题。

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  abc.com;
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location /client { #访问客户端路径
            proxy_pass http://localhost:81;
            proxy_redirect default;
        }
        location /apis { #访问服务器路径
            rewrite  ^/apis/(.*)$ /$1 break;
            proxy_pass   http://localhost:82;
       }
}

或者直接在Nginx中进行配置

location / {
   add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
   add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;
   add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,PUT,DELETE,OPTIONS;

   if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
     return 204;
   }
}

四. oracle排序时把null值放在最后

今天在做项目的时候遇到一个数据排序的问题,当排序字段为空时,空值会排在数字的前面,这样的排序会非常难看,经过一番努力,终于找到原因了。因为ORACLE认为空值是最大的值,所以将SQL语句改为 ...order by ”排序字段" desc nulls last ;

nulls first :将null排在最前面。

null last :将null排在最后面。

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