android基础知识学习笔记

第4章 探究碎片fragment

2018-04-21  本文已影响33人  追梦小乐

本系列学习笔记第4章

前言

打算把android基本知识点写一个系列,旨在把android基础书,例如《Android 第一行代码 第2版》、《爱上android》、《疯狂android讲义》等书的一些知识点记录一下,会持续更新内容,为了方便自己复习,也希望可以帮助到大家!

1、碎片是什么

碎片(Fragment)是一种可以嵌入在活动当中的UI片段,它能让程序更加合理和充分地利用大屏幕的空间,因而在平板上应用得非常广泛。

2、碎片的使用方式

2.1 静态添加碎片(布局文件中添加碎片)

left_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="Button"
        />

</LinearLayout>

right_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#00ff00"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="This is right fragment"
        />

</LinearLayout>

LeftFragment.java文件

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {

    public static final String TAG = LeftFragment.class.getSimpleName();

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.left_fragment, container, false);
        return view;
    }

}

RightFragment.java文件

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {

    public static final String TAG = RightFragment.class.getSimpleName();


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_fragment, container, false);
        return view;
    }



}

activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.fragmenttest.MainActivity">


    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.RightFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />

</LinearLayout>

效果图如下:


image.png
2.2 动态态添加碎片
2.2.1 案例一

在上一节的代码基础上修改,新建another_right_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#ffff00"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="This is another right fragment"
        />

</LinearLayout>

AnotherRightFragment.java文件

public class AnotherRightFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.another_right_fragment, container, false);
        return view;
    }
}

activity_main.xml.文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.fragmenttest.MainActivity">


    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/right_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity  implements View.OnClickListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        replaceFragment(new RightFragment());
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                replaceFragment(new AnotherRightFragment());
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment){
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.right_layout,fragment);
        transaction.commit();
    }
}

效果图如下:


image.png image.png
2.2.1 案例二

layout_left_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorAccent"
    >



</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

layout_right_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
    >

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.fragmenttest2.MainActivity">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/container_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
         />

</LinearLayout>

LeftFragment.java文件

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_left_fragment, null);
        return view;
    }
}

RightFragment.java 文件

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_right_fragment, null);
        return view;
    }
}

MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private LeftFragment leftFragment;
    private RightFragment rightFragment;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        WindowManager windowManager = getWindowManager();
        DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
        //测量屏幕的尺寸
        windowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(displayMetrics);
        //测量屏幕宽高
        int widthPixels = displayMetrics.widthPixels;
        int heightPixels = displayMetrics.heightPixels;

        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();

        if (widthPixels > heightPixels){
            transaction.replace(R.id.container_content,getLeftFragment());
        }else if (widthPixels < heightPixels){
            transaction.replace(R.id.container_content, getRightFragment());
        }
        transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        transaction.commit();
    }

//    获取左边的Fragment
    private LeftFragment getLeftFragment(){
        if (leftFragment == null){
            leftFragment = new LeftFragment();
        }
        return leftFragment;
    }

    //    获取左边的Fragment
    private RightFragment getRightFragment(){
        if (rightFragment == null){
            rightFragment = new RightFragment();
        }
        return rightFragment;
    }
}

image.png image.png
2.3 在碎片中模拟返回栈

修改MainActivity.java文件

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity  implements View.OnClickListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(this);
        replaceFragment(new RightFragment());
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.button:
                replaceFragment(new AnotherRightFragment());
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment){
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        transaction.replace(R.id.right_layout,fragment);
        transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        transaction.commit();
    }
}

效果图如下:


image.png
image.png image.png
image.png
image.png
image.png
image.png
2.4 碎片和活动之间进行通信

1)活动中使用碎片的方法(获得碎片的实例,就可以获取碎片的方法)

  LeftFragment leftFragment = (LeftFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.left_fragment);

2)碎片中使用活动的方法

 MainActivity activity = (MainActivity) getActivity();

3)碎片与碎片之间的通信
基本思路如下:
在一个碎片中可以获取得到与它相关联的活动,然后再通过这个活动去获取另外一个碎片的实例,这样也就实现了不同碎片之间的通信功能。

2.5 片段管理的一些说明

1)从Activity通过getSupportFragmentManager()方法(建议用这个兼容版本)或者getFragmentManager()方法获取FragmentManager

2)通过fragmentManager.findFragmentById()方法(对于在Activity布局中提供UI片段)获取Activity中存在的Fragment

3)通过fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag()方法(对于提供或不提供UI片段)获取Activity中存在的Fragment
4) 通过fragmentManager.popBackStack()(模拟用户按Back返回键)将片段从返回栈中弹出

5)通过fragmentManager.beginTransaction()开启一个事务

6) 通过fragmentManager.addOnBackStackChangedListener()注册一个监听返回栈的监听器

7)transaction.addToBackStack(null)添加返回栈

3、碎片的生命周期

3.1 碎片的状态和回调

1)运行状态
当一个碎片是可见的,并且它所关联的活动正处于运行状态时,该碎片也处于运行状态。

2)暂停状态
当一个活动进入暂停状态时(由于另外一个未占满屏幕的活动被添加到了栈顶),与它相关联的可见碎片就会进入暂停状态

3)停止状态
当一个活动进入停止状态时,与它相关联的碎片就会进入到停止状态,或者通过FragmentTransaction的remove()、replace()方法将碎片从活动中移除,但是如果在事务提交之前调用addToBackStack()方法,这时的碎片也会进入到停止状态。总的来说,进入停止状态的碎片对用户来说是完全不可见的,也可能会被系统回收。

4)销毁状态
碎片总是依附于活动而存在的,因此当活动被销毁时,与它相关联的碎片就会进入到销毁状态。或者通过调用FragmentTransaction的remove()、replace()方法将碎片从活动中移除,但是在事务提交之前并没有调用addToBackStack()方法,这时的碎片也会进入到销毁状态。

image.png
3.2 体验碎片的生命周期

修改RightFragment,java文件

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {

    public static final String TAG = RightFragment.class.getSimpleName();

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        Log.d(TAG, "onAttach");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView");
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_fragment, container, false);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        Log.d(TAG, "onActivityCreated");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        Log.d(TAG, "onStart");
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Log.d(TAG, "onResume");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.d(TAG, "onPause");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Log.d(TAG, "onStop");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroyView");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        Log.d(TAG, "onDetach");
    }

}

运行上面的项目,观察发现RightFragment 的生命周期如下:


image.png

点击按钮切换Fragment


image.png image.png

如果在替换的时候没有调用addToBackStack()方法,生命周期如下:


image.png

点击返回按钮,RightFragment 的生命周期如下:


image.png image.png

4、动态加载布局的技巧

4.1 使用限定符

layout/activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.fragmenttest.MainActivity">


    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

</LinearLayout>

layout-large目录下的activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.LeftFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.RightFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="3" />

</LinearLayout>
image.png image.png
4.2 使用最小宽度限定符

最小宽度限定符允许我们对屏幕的宽度指定一个最小值(以dp为单位),然后以这个最小值为临界点,屏幕宽度大于这个值的设备就加载一个布局,屏幕宽度小于这个值的设备就加载另一个布局

例如,res目录下新建layout-sw6600dp的文件夹,就是以屏幕宽度600dp为临界点

5、碎片的最佳实现---------一个简易版的新闻应用

创建实体类News,java
···
public class News {

private String title;

private String content;

public String getTitle() {
    return title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
    this.title = title;
}

public String getContent() {
    return content;
}

public void setContent(String content) {
    this.content = content;
}

}

···

列表item布局news_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:singleLine="true"
    android:ellipsize="end"
    android:textSize="18sp"
    android:paddingLeft="10dp"
    android:paddingRight="10dp"
    android:paddingTop="15dp"
    android:paddingBottom="15dp"
    />

news_content_frag.xml布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/visibility_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:visibility="invisible" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:textSize="20sp" />

        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="1dp"
            android:background="#000" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/news_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:padding="15dp"
            android:textSize="18sp" />

    </LinearLayout>

    <View
        android:layout_width="1dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:background="#000" />

</RelativeLayout>

NewsContentFragment文件

public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {

    private View view;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_content_frag, container, false);
        return view;
    }

    public void refresh(String newsTitle, String newsContent) {
        View visibilityLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.visibility_layout);
        visibilityLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        TextView newsTitleText = (TextView) view.findViewById (R.id.news_title);
        TextView newsContentText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_content);
        newsTitleText.setText(newsTitle); // 刷新新闻的标题
        newsContentText.setText(newsContent); // 刷新新闻的内容
    }

}

NewsContentActivity.java文件

public class NewsContentActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static void actionStart(Context context, String newsTitle, String newsContent) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, NewsContentActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra("news_title", newsTitle);
        intent.putExtra("news_content", newsContent);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.news_content);
        String newsTitle = getIntent().getStringExtra("news_title"); // 获取传入的新闻标题
        String newsContent = getIntent().getStringExtra("news_content"); // 获取传入的新闻内容
        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
        newsContentFragment.refresh(newsTitle, newsContent); // 刷新NewsContentFragment界面
    }

}

news_title_frag.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/news_title_recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

</LinearLayout>

NewsTitleFragment.java文件

public class NewsTitleFragment extends Fragment {

    private boolean isTwoPane;

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_title_frag, container, false);
        RecyclerView newsTitleRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_title_recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        NewsAdapter adapter = new NewsAdapter(getNews());
        newsTitleRecyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        if (getActivity().findViewById(R.id.news_content_layout) != null) {
            isTwoPane = true; // 可以找到news_content_layout布局时,为双页模式
 News news = newsList.get(0);
            NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment)
                    getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
            newsContentFragment.refresh(news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
        } else {
            isTwoPane = false; // 找不到news_content_layout布局时,为单页模式
        }
    }

    private List<News> getNews() {
        List<News> newsList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) {
            News news = new News();
            news.setTitle("This is news title " + i);
            news.setContent(getRandomLengthContent("This is news content " + i + ". "));
            newsList.add(news);
        }
        return newsList;
    }

    private String getRandomLengthContent(String content) {
        Random random = new Random();
        int length = random.nextInt(20) + 1;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            builder.append(content);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }

    class NewsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<NewsAdapter.ViewHolder> {

        private List<News> mNewsList;

        class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

            TextView newsTitleText;

            public ViewHolder(View view) {
                super(view);
                newsTitleText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
            }

        }

        public NewsAdapter(List<News> newsList) {
            mNewsList = newsList;
        }

        @Override
        public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.news_item, parent, false);
            final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
            view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    News news = mNewsList.get(holder.getAdapterPosition());
                    if (isTwoPane) {
                        NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment)
                                getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
                        newsContentFragment.refresh(news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    } else {
                        NewsContentActivity.actionStart(getActivity(), news.getTitle(), news.getContent());
                    }
                }
            });
            return holder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            News news = mNewsList.get(position);
            holder.newsTitleText.setText(news.getTitle());
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return mNewsList.size();
        }

    }

}

layout目录下的activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/news_title_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.NewsTitleFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

</FrameLayout>

layout-sw600dp目录下的activity_main.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
        android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.NewsTitleFragment"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/news_content_layout"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="3" >

        <fragment
            android:id="@+id/news_content_fragment"
            android:name="com.example.fragmenttest.NewsContentFragment"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    </FrameLayout>

</LinearLayout>
image.png image.png image.png

6、FragmentTabHost实现底部标签

准备好图片资源,制作selector样式


image.png

tab1.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/tab1_normal" android:state_selected="false"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/tab1_selected" android:state_selected="true"/>
</selector>

tab2.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/tab2_normal" android:state_selected="false"/>
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/tab2_selected" android:state_selected="true"/>
</selector>
image.png

layout_left_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorAccent"
    >



</LinearLayout>

layout_right_fragment.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorPrimaryDark"
    >

</LinearLayout>

LeftFragment.java文件

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_left_fragment, null);
        return view;
    }
}

RightFragment.java文件

public class RightFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.layout_right_fragment, null);
        return view;
    }
}

layout_indicator_view.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:id="@+id/iv_tab"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:contentDescription="@null"
        tools:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_tab"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="标签"/>
</LinearLayout>

activity_fragment_tab_host.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@android:id/tabhost"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <!--用来加载Fragment -->
        <FrameLayout
            android:id="@android:id/tabcontent"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
        <!--分割线 用来分割Fragment和底部标签-->
        <View
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="1px"
            android:background="#d9d9d9"
            android:orientation="vertical"/>
        <!--标签组件-->
        <TabWidget
            android:id="@android:id/tabs"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom" />
    </LinearLayout>

</android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost>

FragmentTabHostActivity.java文件

public class FragmentTabHostActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private FragmentTabHost fragmentTabHost;

    //标签的图片
    private int imageIds[] = {R.drawable.tab1, R.drawable.tab2,
    };
    //加载的Fragment
    private Class<?> mFragmentClasses[] = {LeftFragment.class, RightFragment.class};
    //标签文字
    private String[] text=new String[]{"首页","娱乐"};

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_fragment_tab_host);

        fragmentTabHost = (FragmentTabHost) findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);

        //初始化
        fragmentTabHost.setup(this,getSupportFragmentManager(),android.R.id.tabcontent);
        //去掉分割线
        fragmentTabHost.getTabWidget().setDividerDrawable(null);
        
        //添加标签
        for (int i = 0; i < imageIds.length; i++) {
            //Tab按钮添加文字和图片
            TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec = fragmentTabHost.newTabSpec(i + "").setIndicator(getIndicatorView(this, i));
            //添加到fragment
            fragmentTabHost.addTab(tabSpec,mFragmentClasses[i],null);

        }

        //切换标签时调用
        fragmentTabHost.setOnTabChangedListener(new TabHost.OnTabChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onTabChanged(String s) {

            }
        });

    }

    //获取标签的View
    private View getIndicatorView(Context context,int i){
        View view = View.inflate(context,R.layout.layout_indicator_view, null);
        ImageView imageView = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_tab);
        TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_tab);
        imageView.setImageResource(imageIds[i]);
        textView.setText(text[i]);
        return view;
    }
}

image.png
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