Activity启动主要流程以及Window创建时机小结

Android就是消息驱动，应用靠着Looper保持运行，若Looper退出，应用也就挂了，Android启动Application或Activity都是IPC过程，靠ActivityManagerService这个系统进程启动，在系统进程回调ApplicationThread像scheduleLaunchActivity从而开始了Activity的生命周期，因为系统进程的回调是在Binder线程池，所以通过Handler回调UI线程。

Activity启动主要流程

从ActivityThread的main开始，应用的启动的入口，注意的是ActivityThread是个类，new的时候才有线程：

 public static void main(String[] args) {
     
        ........

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();   //创建主Looper

        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();  //创建UI线程
        thread.attach(false);   //开始启动，下面分析

        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }

        // End of event ActivityThreadMain.
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
        Looper.loop();   //死循环，Android保证一直有消息存在，否则执行完下面就抛异常

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

下面看下thread.attach(false)，false表示非系统：

private void attach(boolean system) {
        sCurrentActivityThread = this;
        mSystemThread = system;
        if (!system) {
            ViewRootImpl.addFirstDrawHandler(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    ensureJitEnabled();
                }
            });
            android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("<pre-initialized>",
                                                    UserHandle.myUserId());
            RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject(mAppThread.asBinder());
            final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();  //其实就是拿到ActivityManagerService，Binder过程
            try {   //mAppThread就是ApplicationThread
                mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread); //开始创建Application以及后续流程
            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
            }
            // Watch for getting close to heap limit.
            BinderInternal.addGcWatcher(new Runnable() {  //GC回收相关
                @Override public void run() {
                    if (!mSomeActivitiesChanged) {
                        return;
                    }
                    Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
                    long dalvikMax = runtime.maxMemory();
                    long dalvikUsed = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
                    if (dalvikUsed > ((3*dalvikMax)/4)) {
                        if (DEBUG_MEMORY_TRIM) Slog.d(TAG, "Dalvik max=" + (dalvikMax/1024)
                                + " total=" + (runtime.totalMemory()/1024)
                                + " used=" + (dalvikUsed/1024));
                        mSomeActivitiesChanged = false;
                        try {
                            mgr.releaseSomeActivities(mAppThread);
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
                            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                        }
                    }
                }
            });
        } else {
             .............
        }
    }

至于在ActivityManagerService如何去处理调用，就不记录了，除非是做ROM，不然没办法去研究什么细节，有些博客分析什么调到那又调到哪的，我觉得我多大的记录意义，反正有一点是，Activity创建是在系统进程创建的，而生命周期的方法是系统进程回调ApplicationThread对应该的方法，再通过Handler对应处理的，看下面ApplicationThread几个方法：

    @Override
     public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
                ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
                CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
                int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
                List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
                boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {

            updateProcessState(procState, false);

            ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();

            r.token = token;
            r.ident = ident;
            r.intent = intent;
            r.referrer = referrer;
            r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
            r.activityInfo = info;
            r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
            r.state = state;
            r.persistentState = persistentState;

            r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
            r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;

            r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
            r.isForward = isForward;

            r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;

            r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
            updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);

            sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);   //通过Handler对应
        }

 public final void scheduleResumeActivity(IBinder token, int processState,
            boolean isForward, Bundle resumeArgs) {
        int seq = getLifecycleSeq();
        if (DEBUG_ORDER) Slog.d(TAG, "resumeActivity " + ActivityThread.this
                + " operation received seq: " + seq);
        updateProcessState(processState, false);
        sendMessage(H.RESUME_ACTIVITY, token, isForward ? 1 : 0, 0, seq); //通过Handler对应
    }

在看下Handler如何处理，LAUNCH_ACTIVITY为例：

 public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
        if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
        switch (msg.what) {
            case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
                Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
                final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;

                r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
                        r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
                handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
            } break;
            ........
}

private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
    // If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
    // we are back active so skip it.
    unscheduleGcIdler();
    mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;

    if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
        mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
        mProfiler.startProfiling();
    }

    // Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
    handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);

    if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
        TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);

    // Initialize before creating the activity
    WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();

    Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);  //开始了Activity启动

    if (a != null) {
        r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
        reportSizeConfigurations(r);
        Bundle oldState = r.state;
        handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
                !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);

        if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
            // The activity manager actually wants this one to start out paused, because it
            // needs to be visible but isn't in the foreground. We accomplish this by going
            // through the normal startup (because activities expect to go through onResume()
            // the first time they run, before their window is displayed), and then pausing it.
            // However, in this case we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing
            // and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just retain the current
            // state it has.
            performPauseActivityIfNeeded(r, reason);

            // We need to keep around the original state, in case we need to be created again.
            // But we only do this for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state when
            // pausing, so we can not have them save their state when restarting from a paused
            // state. For HC and later, we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the
            // normal part of stopping the activity.
            if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
                r.state = oldState;
            }
        }
    } else {
        // If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity manager to stop us.
        try {
            ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
                .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
                        Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
            throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
        }
    }
}

所以，Android底层就是Binder和消息，知道这两点，对Android就有个大概了解了。

Window的创建时机

Activity创建window在attach的时候，下面基于7.0，不同版本有点区别：

 final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
            Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
            Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
            CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
            NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
            Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
            Window window) {
        attachBaseContext(context);  //回调

        mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/);

        mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window);  //就是PhoneWindow
        mWindow.setWindowControllerCallback(this);
        mWindow.setCallback(this);
        mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
        mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
        if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
            mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
        }
        if (info.uiOptions != 0) {
            mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
        }
        mUiThread = Thread.currentThread();

        mMainThread = aThread;
        mInstrumentation = instr;
        mToken = token;
        mIdent = ident;
        mApplication = application;
        mIntent = intent;
        mReferrer = referrer;
        mComponent = intent.getComponent();
        mActivityInfo = info;
        mTitle = title;
        mParent = parent;
        mEmbeddedID = id;
        mLastNonConfigurationInstances = lastNonConfigurationInstances;
        if (voiceInteractor != null) {
            if (lastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
                mVoiceInteractor = lastNonConfigurationInstances.voiceInteractor;
            } else {
                mVoiceInteractor = new VoiceInteractor(voiceInteractor, this, this,
                        Looper.myLooper());
            }
        } 
        //将Window与WindowManager建立联系
        mWindow.setWindowManager(
                (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
                mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
                (info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
        if (mParent != null) {
            mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow());
        }
        mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
        mCurrentConfig = config;
    }

可以看到Window是通过WindowManager进行添加、删除等操作，那么什么时候进行添加呢，看ActivityThread的handleResumeActivity，会先调用onResume，再调用Activity的makeVisable：
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
boolean clearHide, boolean isForward, boolean reallyResume, int seq, String reason) {
..............

        // TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
        r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide, reason);  //调用onReume

        if (r != null) {
            final Activity a = r.activity;

            if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                TAG, "Resume " + r + " started activity: " +
                a.mStartedActivity + ", hideForNow: " + r.hideForNow
                + ", finished: " + a.mFinished);

            final int forwardBit = isForward ?
                    WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_IS_FORWARD_NAVIGATION : 0;

            // If the window hasn't yet been added to the window manager,
            // and this guy didn't finish itself or start another activity,
            // then go ahead and add the window.
            boolean willBeVisible = !a.mStartedActivity;
            if (!willBeVisible) {
                try {
                    willBeVisible = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().willActivityBeVisible(
                            a.getActivityToken());
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
                }
            }
            if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
                r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
                View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
                decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
                WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
                a.mDecor = decor;
                l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
                l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
                if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
                    a.mWindowAdded = true;
                    r.mPreserveWindow = false;
                    // Normally the ViewRoot sets up callbacks with the Activity
                    // in addView->ViewRootImpl#setView. If we are instead reusing
                    // the decor view we have to notify the view root that the
                    // callbacks may have changed.
                    ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
                    if (impl != null) {
                        impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
                    }
                }
                if (a.mVisibleFromClient && !a.mWindowAdded) {
                    a.mWindowAdded = true;
                    wm.addView(decor, l);
                }

            // If the window has already been added, but during resume
            // we started another activity, then don't yet make the
            // window visible.
            } else if (!willBeVisible) {
                if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
                    TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set");
                r.hideForNow = true;
            }

              .........
                if (r.activity.mVisibleFromClient) {
                    r.activity.makeVisible();  //调用makeVisible，完成addView
                }
            }

           ............
    }

看下Activity的makeVisible：

void makeVisible() {
    if (!mWindowAdded) {
        ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
        wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());  
        mWindowAdded = true;
    }
    mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}

所以可以得出结论是，在onResume才正在的将View添加到Window上，而ViewRootImpl有种addView才创建的，所以onCreate拿不到View的大小，子线程更新UI在ViewRootImpl创建之前不会报错。