springmvc controller请求注释详解

2020-01-09  本文已影响0人  柿子座

1. @RequestMapping

RequestMapping是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解,可用于类或方法上。用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径,RequestMapping注解有六个属性(value, method,consumes,produces,params,headers),RequestMapping("....str...")。

1.1. value, method

value: 指定请求的实际地址,指定的地址可以是URI Template 模式(后面将会说明);
method: 指定请求的method类型, GET、POST、PUT、DELETE等;
value的uri值为以下三类:
A) 可以指定为普通的具体值;
B) 可以指定为含有某变量的一类值(URI Template Patterns with Path Variables);
C) 可以指定为含正则表达式的一类值( URI Template Patterns with Regular Expressions);

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/appointments")
public class AppointmentsController {
    private AppointmentBook appointmentBook;
    
    @Autowired
    public AppointmentsController(AppointmentBook appointmentBook) {
        this.appointmentBook = appointmentBook;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Map<String, Appointment> get() {
        return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForToday();
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{day}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Map<String, Appointment> getForDay(@PathVariable @DateTimeFormat(iso = ISO.DATE) Date day, Model model) {
        return appointmentBook.getAppointmentsForDay(day);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/new", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public AppointmentForm getNewForm() {
        return new AppointmentForm();
    }

    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String add(@Valid AppointmentForm appointment, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "appointments/new";
        }
        appointmentBook.addAppointment(appointment);
        return "redirect:/appointments";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/owners/{ownerId}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model) {
        Owner owner = ownerService.findOwner(ownerId);
        model.addAttribute("owner", owner);
        return "displayOwner";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/spring-web/{symbolicName:[a-z-]+}-{version:\d\.\d\.\d}.{extension:\.[a-z]}")
    public void handle(@PathVariable String version, @PathVariable String extension) {    
        // ...
    }
}

1.2. consumes,produces

consumes: 指定处理请求的提交内容类型(Content-Type),例如application/json, text/html;
produces: 指定返回的内容类型,仅当request请求头中的(Accept)类型中包含该指定类型才返回;

@Controller // 方法仅处理request Content-Type为“application/json”类型的请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.POST, consumes="application/json")
public void addPet(@RequestBody Pet pet, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
}

@Controller //方法仅处理request请求中Accept头中包含了"application/json"的请求,同时暗示了返回的内容类型为application/json;
@RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces="application/json")
@ResponseBody
public Pet getPet(@PathVariable String petId, Model model) {    
    // implementation omitted
}

1.3. params,headers

params: 指定request中必须包含某些参数值是,才让该方法处理;
headers: 指定request中必须包含某些指定的header值,才能让该方法处理请求;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}") //仅处理请求中包含了名为“myParam”,值为“myValue”的请求
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/pets/{petId}", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = "myParam=myValue") 
    public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
        // implementation omitted
    }
}
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}") //仅处理request的header中包含了指定“Refer”请求头和对应值为“http://www.ifeng.com/”的请求
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/pets", method = RequestMethod.GET, headers = "Referer=http://www.ifeng.com/")
    public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
        // implementation omitted
    }
}

2. @RequestBody

  1. 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上
  2. 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
  3. GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
    multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
    其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);
  4. PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
    multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
    其他格式, 必须;

注解源码:

/**
 * Annotation indicating a method parameter should be bound to the body of the web request.
 * The body of the request is passed through an {@link HttpMessageConverter} to resolve the
 * method argument depending on the content type of the request. Optionally, automatic
 * validation can be applied by annotating the argument with {@code @Valid}.
 */
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface RequestBody {
    /**
     * Whether body content is required.
     * <p>Default is {@code true}, leading to an exception thrown in case
     * there is no body content. Switch this to {@code false} if you prefer
     * {@code null} to be passed when the body content is {@code null}.
     * @since 3.2
     */
    boolean required() default true;
}

说明:

3. @ResponseBody

用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
使用时机:返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;
MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。

4. @RequestParam @RequestBody @PathVariable @RequestHeader @CookieValue @SessionAttributes @ModelAttribute 等参数绑定注解

handler method 参数绑定常用的注解,我们根据他们处理的Request的不同分为四类常用类型
A. 处理requet uri 部分(这里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解: @PathVariable;
B、处理request header部分的注解: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;
C、处理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam, @RequestBody;
D、处理attribute类型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

4.1. @PathVariable

当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上,若方法参数名称和需要绑定的uri template中变量名称不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名称。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/owners/{ownerId}")
//URI template 中变量 ownerId的值和petId的值,绑定到方法的参数上 
public class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
    @RequestMapping("/pets/{petId}")
    public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
        // implementation omitted
    }
}

4.1. @RequestHeader

@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request请求header部分的值绑定到方法的参数上。
示例代码:
这是一个Request 的header部分:

Host localhost:8080
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive 300

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(
        @RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
        @RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive)  {
        //...
}

request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,绑定到参数encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值绑定到参数keepAlive上

4.2. @CookieValue

@CookieValue 可以把Request header中关于cookie的值绑定到方法的参数上
示例:
例如有如下Cookie值:JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
参数绑定的代码:

@RequestMapping("/displayHeaderInfo.do")
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie)  {
  //...
}

4.3. @RequestParam

  1. @RequestParam常用来处理简单类型的绑定,通过Request.getParameter() 获取的String可直接转换为简单类型的情况( String--> 简单类型的转换操作由ConversionService配置的转换器来完成);因为使用request.getParameter()方式获取参数,所以可以处理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以处理post方式中 body data的值;
  2. @RequestParam用来处理Content-Type: 为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码的内容,提交方式GET、POST;
  3. @RequestParam该注解有两个属性: value、required; value用来指定要传入值的id名称,required用来指示参数是否必须绑定
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/pets")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {
        Pet pet = this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
        model.addAttribute("pet", pet);
        return "petForm";
    }
}

4.4. @SessionAttributes

该注解用来绑定HttpSession中的attribute对象的值,便于在方法中的参数里使用。
该注解有value、types两个属性,可以通过名字和类型指定要使用的attribute 对象;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/editPet.do")
@SessionAttributes("pet")
public class EditPetForm {
    // ...
}

4.5. @ModelAttribute

该注解有两个用法,一个是用于方法上,一个是用于参数上;
用于方法上时: 通常用来在处理@RequestMapping之前,为请求绑定需要从后台查询的model;
用于参数上时: 用来通过名称对应,把相应名称的值绑定到注解的参数bean上;要绑定的值来源于:
A) @SessionAttributes 启用的attribute 对象上;
B) @ModelAttribute 用于方法上时指定的model对象;
C) 上述两种情况都没有时,new一个需要绑定的bean对象,然后把request中按名称对应的方式把值绑定到bean中。

// 用到方法上@ModelAttribute
@ModelAttribute //这种方式实际的效果就是在调用@RequestMapping的方法之前,为request对象的model里put(“account”, Account);
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {
    return accountManager.findAccount(number);
}

//用在参数上的@ModelAttribute
@RequestMapping(value="/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {
}
首先查询 @SessionAttributes有无绑定的Pet对象
若没有则查询@ModelAttribute方法层面上是否绑定了Pet对象
若没有则将URI template中的值按对应的名称绑定到Pet对象的各属性上。

补充

通过分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代码发现,方法的参数 在不给定参数的情况下:

  1. 若要绑定的对象时简单类型: 调用@RequestParam来处理的。
  2. 若要绑定的对象时复杂类型: 调用@ModelAttribute来处理的。

这里的简单类型指java的原始类型(boolean, int 等)、原始类型对象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String转换成目标对象的类型;
AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中绑定参数的部分源代码

private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
            NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel) throws Exception {

        Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
        Object[] args = new Object[paramTypes.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
            MethodParameter methodParam = new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);
            methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
            GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
            String paramName = null;
            String headerName = null;
            boolean requestBodyFound = false;
            String cookieName = null;
            String pathVarName = null;
            String attrName = null;
            boolean required = false;
            String defaultValue = null;
            boolean validate = false;
            Object[] validationHints = null;
            int annotationsFound = 0;
            Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();

            for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {
                if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
                    paramName = requestParam.value();
                    required = requestParam.required();
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
                    headerName = requestHeader.value();
                    required = requestHeader.required();
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    requestBodyFound = true;
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
                    cookieName = cookieValue.value();
                    required = cookieValue.required();
                    defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
                    pathVarName = pathVar.value();
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
                    attrName = attr.value();
                    annotationsFound++;
                }
                else if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
                    defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
                }
                else if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith("Valid")) {
                    validate = true;
                    Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
                    validationHints = (value instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value : new Object[] {value});
                }
            }

            if (annotationsFound > 1) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
                        "do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
            }

            if (annotationsFound == 0) {// 若没有发现注解
                Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);    //判断WebRquest是否可赋值给参数
                if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
                    args[i] = argValue;
                }
                else if (defaultValue != null) {
                    args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
                }
                else {
                    Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
                    if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                        if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {
                            throw new IllegalStateException("Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() + "] is of type " +
                                    "Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
                                    "newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
                        }
                        args[i] = implicitModel;
                    }
                    else if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                        args[i] = this.sessionStatus;
                    }
                    else if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                        args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
                    }
                    else if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +
                                "without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
                    }
                    else if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {// 判断是否参数类型是否是简单类型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式来处理,否则使用@ModelAttribute方式处理
                        paramName = "";
                    }
                    else {
                        attrName = "";
                    }
                }
            }

            if (paramName != null) {
                args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
            }
            else if (headerName != null) {
                args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
            }
            else if (requestBodyFound) {
                args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
            }
            else if (cookieName != null) {
                args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
            }
            else if (pathVarName != null) {
                args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
            }
            else if (attrName != null) {
                WebDataBinder binder =
                        resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
                boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i + 1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i + 1]));
                if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
                    doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
                }
                args[i] = binder.getTarget();
                if (assignBindingResult) {
                    args[i + 1] = binder.getBindingResult();
                    i++;
                }
                implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
            }
        }

        return args;
    }

RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的参数绑定,代码稍微有些不同,有兴趣的同仁可以分析下,最后处理的结果都是一样的。

//调用默认的@RequestParam来处理。
@RequestMapping ({"/", "/home"})
public String showHomePage(String key){
    
    logger.debug("key="+key);
    
    return "home";
}
//调用@ModelAttribute来处理。
@RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String doRegister(User user){
    if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
        logger.debug("process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
        logger.debug(user);
    }

    return "user";
}
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