鸿蒙开发性能提升之代码实践

2024-01-29  本文已影响0人  码农朱同学

低性能的代码实现功能场景可能不会影响应用的正常运行,但却会对应用的性能造成负面影响。本文列举出了一些可提升性能的场景供参考。

使用数据懒加载

开发者在使用长列表时,如果直接采用循环渲染方式,如下所示,会一次性加载所有的列表元素,一方面会导致页面启动时间过长,影响用户体验,另一方面也会增加服务器的压力和流量,加重系统负担。

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  @State arr: number[] = Array.from(Array(100), (v,k) =>k);  //构造0-99的数组
  build() {
    List() {
      ForEach(this.arr, (item: number) => {
        ListItem() {
          Text(`item value: ${item}`)
        }
      }, (item: number) => item.toString())
    }
  }
}

上述代码会在页面加载时将100个列表元素全部加载,这并非我们需要的,我们希望从数据源中按需迭代加载数据并创建相应组件,因此需要使用数据懒加载,如下所示:

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return undefined
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener')
      this.listeners.push(listener)
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener')
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded()
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataMove(from, to)
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: string[] = ['item value: 0', 'item value: 1', 'item value: 2']

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return this.dataArray[index]
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(index)
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()

  build() {
    List() {
      LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
        ListItem() {
          Row() {
            Text(item).fontSize(20).margin({ left: 10 })
          }
        }
        .onClick(() => {
          this.data.pushData('item value: ' + this.data.totalCount())
        })
      }, item => item)
    }
  }
}

上述代码在页面加载时仅初始化加载三个列表元素,之后每点击一次列表元素,将增加一个列表元素。

设置List组件的宽高

在使用Scroll容器组件嵌套List组件加载长列表时,若不指定List的宽高尺寸,则默认全部加载。

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return undefined
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener')
      this.listeners.push(listener)
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener')
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded()
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataMove(from, to)
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: Array<string> = new Array(100).fill('test')

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return this.dataArray[index]
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(index)
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()

  build() {
    Scroll() {
      List() {
        LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
          ListItem() {
            Row() {
              Text('item value: ' + item + (index + 1)).fontSize(20).margin(10)
            }
          }
        })
      }
    }
  }
}

因此,此场景下建议设置List子组件的宽高。

class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
  private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []

  public totalCount(): number {
    return 0
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return undefined
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
      console.info('add listener')
      this.listeners.push(listener)
    }
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
    const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
    if (pos >= 0) {
      console.info('remove listener')
      this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
    }
  }

  notifyDataReload(): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataReloaded()
    })
  }

  notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataAdd(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataChange(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataDelete(index)
    })
  }

  notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
    this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
      listener.onDataMove(from, to)
    })
  }
}

class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
  private dataArray: Array<string> = new Array(100).fill('test')

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.dataArray.length
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return this.dataArray[index]
  }

  public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(index)
  }

  public pushData(data: string): void {
    this.dataArray.push(data)
    this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()

  build() {
    Scroll() {
      List() {
        LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
          ListItem() {
            Text('item value: ' + item + (index + 1)).fontSize(20).margin(10)
          }.width('100%')
        })
      }.width('100%').height(500)
    }.backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
  }
}

使用条件渲染替代显隐控制

如下所示,开发者在使用visibility通用属性控制组件的显隐状态时,仍存在组件的重新创建过程,造成性能上的损耗。

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  @State isVisible: Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button("显隐切换")
        .onClick(() => {
          if (this.isVisible == Visibility.Visible) {
            this.isVisible = Visibility.None
          } else {
            this.isVisible = Visibility.Visible
          }
        })
      Row().visibility(this.isVisible)
        .width(300).height(300).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
    }.width('100%')
  }
}

要避免这一问题,可使用if条件渲染代替visibility属性变换,如下所示:

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  @State isVisible: boolean = true;

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button("显隐切换")
        .onClick(() => {
          this.isVisible = !this.isVisible
        })
      if (this.isVisible) {
        Row()
          .width(300).height(300).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
      }
    }.width('100%')
  }
}

使用Column/Row替代Flex

由于Flex容器组件默认情况下存在shrink导致二次布局,这会在一定程度上造成页面渲染上的性能劣化。

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) {
      Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
      Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Yellow)
      Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Grey)
    }
  }
}

上述代码可将Flex替换为Column、Row,在保证实现的页面布局效果相同的前提下避免Flex二次布局带来的负面影响。

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  build() {
    Column() {
      Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
      Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Yellow)
      Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Grey)
    }
  }
}

减少应用滑动白块

应用通过增大List/Grid控件的cachedCount参数,调整UI的加载范围。cachedCount表示屏幕外List/Grid预加载item的个数。

如果需要请求网络图片,可以在item滑动到屏幕显示之前,提前下载好内容,从而减少滑动白块。

如下是使用cachedCount参数的例子:

@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
  private source: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();

  build() {
    List() {
      LazyForEach(this.source, item => {
        ListItem() {
          Text("Hello" + item)
            .fontSize(50)
            .onAppear(() => {
              console.log("appear:" + item)
            })
        }
      })
    }.cachedCount(3) // 扩大数值appear日志范围会变大
  }
}

class MyDataSource implements IDataSource {
  data: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15];

  public totalCount(): number {
    return this.data.length
  }

  public getData(index: number): any {
    return this.data[index]
  }

  registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
  }

  unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
  }
}

使用说明:

cachedCount的增加会增大UI的cpu、内存开销。使用时需要根据实际情况,综合性能和用户体验进行调整。

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