学习词根---Unit 7.1
上周的答案：
1. e 2. j 3. a 4. i 5. f 6. h 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. g
今天学习VIS和SPECT两个词根。
VIS comes from Latin verb meaning "see." Vision is what enables us to see, visual images are visible to our eyes, and a visitor is someone who comes to see something. The same verb actually gives us another root, vid-, as in Julius Caesar's famous statement about his military exploits, "Veni, vidi, vici"()"I came, I saw, I comquered"), and such common English words as video.
vista. (1) A distant view. (2) An extensive mental view, as over a stretch of time.
例句：The economic vista for the next two years looks excellent, according to a poll of business economists.
Vista is generally used today for broad sweeping views of the kind you might see from a mountaintop. But the word originally meant an avenue-like view, narrowed by a line of trees on either side. And vista has also long been used (like view and outlook) to mean a mental scan of the future--as if you were riding down a long grand avenue and what you could see a mile or so ahead of you was where you'd be in the very near future.
vis-à-vis. /ˈvēz-ə-ˈvē/ In relation to or compared with.
例句：Many financial reporters worry about the loss of U.S. economic strength vis-a-vis our principal trading partners.
vis-à-vis comes from Latin by way of French, where it means literally "face-to-face." In English it was first used to mean a little horse-drawn carriage in which two people sat opposite each other. From there it acquired various other meaning, such as "dancing partner." Today it no longer refers to actual physical faces and bodies, but its modern meaning comes from the fact that things that are face-to-face can easily be compared or contrasted. So, for example, a greyhound is very tall vis-à-vis a Scottie, and the Red Sox have often fared badly vis-à-vis the Yankees.
visionary. (1) A person with foresight and imagination. (2) A dreamer whose ideas are often impractical.
例句：His followers regarded him as an inspired visionary; his opponents saw him as either a con man or a lunatic.
A visionary is someone with a strong vision of the future. Since such visions aren't always accurate, a visionary's ideas may either work brilliantly or fail miserably. Even so, visionary is usually a positive word. Martin Luther King, Jr., for instance, was a visionary in his hopes and ideas for a just society. The word is also an adjective; thus, for example, we may speak of a visionary project, a visionary leader, a visionary painter, or a visionary company.
envisage. To have a mental picture of; visualize.
例句：A mere three weeks after they had started dating, the two were already arguing, and none of us could envisage the relationship lasting for long.
One of the imagination's most valuable uses is its ability to see something in the "mind's eye"--that is, to visualize, envision, or envisage something. Envisaging a possibility may be one of the chief abilities that separate human beings from the other animals. What we envisage may be physical (such as a completed piece of furniture) or nonphysical (such as finishing college). Envisaging life with a puppy might lead us down to the pound to buy one, and envisaging the sinking of an island nation may focus our mind on climate change.
SPECT comes from the Latin verb specere, meaning "to look at," and produces several familiar English words. Spectacles can be glasses that you look through; but a spectacle can also be a remarkable sight--in Roman times, perhaps a spectacular chariot race or a spectacularly bloody battle between gladiators(角斗士) and wild beasts, mounted for the pleasure of its spectators(观众).
aspect. (1) A part of something. (2) A certain way in which something appears or may be regarded.
例句：Many experts believe the mental aspect of distance racing is more important than the physical aspect.
Since aspectus in Latin means "looked at," an aspect of something is basically the direction from which it's looked at. So we may say that travel is your favorite aspect of job, or that eating well is one aspect of a healthy life. If you look at a stage set from the front, it looks completely different than from behind, where all the mechanisms are visible, and both aspects are important. The word can be very useful when you're analyzing something, and it's used a great deal in the writings of scholars.
prospect. (1) The possibility that something will happen in the future. (2) An opportunity for something to happen.
例句：There was little prospect of a breakthrough in the negotiations before the elections.
Since the Latin prefix pro- often means "forward", prospect refers to looking forward. The prospect of a recession may lead investors to pull their money out of the stock market. Graduates of a good law school usually have excellent prospects for finding employment. Prospective students roam campuses with their parents in the year before they plan to enter college.
perspective. (1) Point of view; the angle, direction, or standpoint from which a person looks at something. (2) The art of technique of painting or drawing a scene so that object in it seem to have depth and distance.
例句：From the perspective of the lowly soldier, the war looked very different.
To the modern mind, its hard to believe that perspective had to be "discovered," but before the 1400s paintings simply lacked accurate perspective. Instead, important people and objects were simply shown larger than less important ones; and although distant objects were something shown smaller than near ones, this wasn't done in a regular and accurate way. Just as odd, many paintings didn't represent the other meaning of perspective either--that is, a scene might not be shown as if it were being seen from one single place. Today, perspective is used much like standpoint. Just as standpoint once used to mean simply the physical place where you stand but today also means the way you "see" things as a result of who you are and what you do, the same could be said about perspective.
prospectus. A printed statement that describes something (such as a new business or a stock offering) and is sent out to people who may be interested in buying or investing.
例句：The prospectus for the mutual fund says nothing about how its profit forecasts were calculated.
Like prospect, prospectus looks forward. Thus, a prospectus originally outlined something that didn't yet exist, describing what it would become. This might even be a book; the great dictionary of Noah Webster, like that of Samuel Johnson, was first announced in the form of a prospectus, so that well-to-do people might actually subscribe to it--that is, pay for it in advance so that Webster would have money to live on while writing it. Soon, prospectus was being used to mean a description of a private school or college, intended to attract new students. Today the word very often means a description of a stock offering or mutual fund, whether new or not.
Quiz:
Match the definition on the left to the correct word on the right:
1. compared to a. perspective
2. advance description b. envisage
3. prophet c. vis-à-vis
4. imagine d. aspect
5. standpoint e. prospectus
6. outlook f. visionary
7. element g. prospect
8. view h. vista
