being格式的来源及用法

1. “being” 格式的来源有三种：

1.1 “being”是“to be”动词的现在分词形式(就像“cooking”是动词“to cook”的现在分词一样)，接在“to be”动词(arm,is,are,was,were)之后，表示进行时态(progressive tenses或continuous tenses)，或者表示动作或行为持续的状态或日常习惯。

1.2 “being”作名词，表示“存在；生物；身心；生活，有生命；本质”，例如，“human being”。

1.3 “being”是“to be”动词的动名词，充当名词的功能，其含义类似于“existing”。

2. “being”用法。

2.1“being”是“to be”动词的现在分词形式(就像“cooking”是动词“to cook”的现在分词一样)，接在“to be”动词(arm,is,are,was,were)之后，表示进行时态(progressive tenses或continuous tenses)，或者表示动作或行为持续的状态或日常习惯。例如——

(1) He is being nice. 他很友善。(这是他的习惯)

(2) She was being bad. 她很坏。(这是她的习惯)

(3) You are being good. 你表现很好。(持续的状态)

(4) They were being mean. 他们很刻薄。(这是他们的习惯)

(5) I am being patient. 我很有耐心。(表示这种状态持续一段时间。)

(5) Why are you being so silly? 你为什么这么傻？ (表示行为。)

(6) You are being cruel when you hurt others with your words or actions.

当你用言语或行为伤害别人时，你是残忍的。

(表示这种行为的状态。)

(7) The dog is being naughty.

这条狗很顽皮。(这是她的习性。)

(8)More gold is being mined from the thoughts of men than is being taken from the earth。

从人们的思想中开采的黄金比从地球上开采的要多。(这种动作在持续。)

(9)John is being very cheeky today. (一段时间持续这种状态。)

John今天很厚颜无耻。

(10)Paul is being rude this morning. (一段时间持续这种状态。)

Paul今天早上很粗鲁。

(11) I am being honest with you. （持续这种状态。）

我对你很诚实。

(12) You are being modest. (保持这种习惯。)

你很谦虚。

注意，当形容词指感情的时候，不能使用进行时态。例如——

(1) I was upset when I heard that I had failed the test. (当我听说我考试不合格时，我很沮丧。)

这里谈论的是说话人的感情，因此，不能使用进行时态“I was being upset when I …”。

(2) I am delighted to hear that you have won the first prize. (听说你获得了第一名，我很高兴。)

同样，不能写成“ I am being delighted …”。

现在进行时态或过去时态的被动式，使用being+动词过去分词构成(实则是进行时态的被动式)。例如——

(1) Mother is cooking dinner. (主动)

妈妈正在做饭。

Dinner is being cooked by mother. (被动)

(2) They are repairing the roof. （主动）

他们正在修理屋顶。

The roof is being repaired.

(3) I am quite sure that somebody is following me. (主动)

我很肯定有人在跟踪我。

I am quite sure that I am being followed. (被动)

2.2 “being”作名词，表示“存在；生物；身心；生活，有生命；本质”。例如——

(1) I'm not an animal. I'm a human being.

我不是动物，我是一个人。

(2) A strange being appeared at the door of the space ship.

一个奇怪的生物出现在太空船的门口。

2.3 “being”是“to be”动词的动名词，充当名词的功能，其含义类似于“existing”(“存在”)，或表示已经存在的“量”或者“状态”。例如——

(1) Do you like being a student?

你喜欢当学生吗？

(“like” 是动词, “being” 是“to be”动词构成的动名词，“being a student”是宾语。也可以用“to be”动词的不定式替换，比如，“Do you like to be a student?”)

(2) Being a teacher is fun. 当老师很有趣。

(“is”是动词, “being”是“to be”动词构成的动名词，“Being a teacher”作主语，同样，可以换成“to be”动词的不定式，例如，“To be a teacher is fun”)

(3) I enjoy being nice to people.

我喜欢对人友善。

(“enjoy” 是动词, “being”是“to be”动词的动名词，“being nice”作宾语，其中，“nice”又修饰“being”，表示一种状态，不宜用不定式替换。)

(4) Do you like being so ignorant? 你喜欢做一个这么无知的人吗?

(这里“so ignorant”应当是当名词用，即“so ignorant a man.” 也可以换成“Do you like to be so ignorant (a man)?”

(5) The accident was caused by his being so clumsy.

这次事故是由于他笨手笨脚操作造成的。

(“so clumsy”当名词用，即“so clumsy operation”，等。可换成“The accident was caused by his to be so clumsy (operation)”)

(6) I live in terror of not being misunderstood. 我活在害怕被误解的恐惧中。

(等价于“I live in terror of not to be misunderstood.”)

(7) Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty.

孤独与被遗弃感是最可怕的贫穷。

(等价于“Loneliness and the feeling of to be unwanted…”)

(8) In a teleconference Tuesday, Vancouver goaltender Roberto Luongo said: "I think guys would enjoy to be able to go in every city every year and play against every team.

在周二的一次电话会议上，温哥华的守门员Roberto Luongo说:“我认为球员们会喜欢每年去每个城市，和每个球队比赛。

(这一句，“I think guys would enjoy to be able to go in every city every year and play against every team”，“enjoy”是动词，“to be able to go”表示宾语，可换成“I think guys would enjoy being able to go……”)

(9) Whether I'm in senior leadership meetings or working with someone on the front-line, people enjoy to be around me because I bring my authentic self.

无论是参加高层领导会议，还是与一线同事共事，人们都喜欢和我在一起，因为我带来了真实的自我。

(“people enjoy to be around me because…”可换成“people enjoy being around me because…”)

(10) What the team has achieved is something to enjoy, to be leaders of this league ahead of such great teams, it's something very special," Martínez told Reuters on Monday, the day after his club's 3-0 win at Villarreal.

球队所取得的成就是值得享受的，能够在联赛中领先于如此伟大的球队，这是非常特别的事情。Martínez在周一接受路透社(Reuters)采访时表示，当天他的俱乐部以3比0战胜比利亚雷亚尔(Villarreal)。

(句子中，“to be leaders of this league ahead of such great teams”也可以写成，“being leaders of …”)

(11) His being tall was the main reason they hired him.

他个子高是他们雇用他的主要原因。

(句子中，“His being tall…”也可以写成，“His to be tall …”)

(12) Do You Know What it’s Like to Be a Student in 2020-21?

你知道2020-21年的学生是什么样的吗？

(句子中，“What it’s Like to Be a Student”也可以写成，“What it’s Like Being a Student”)

(13) It (或It’s) being she，there was nothing more to be said.

既然是她，就没什么可说的了。

(14) I cannot help being an admire of beauty.

我情不自禁地爱美。

(15) They (或Their) being unprepared, we began the attack.

他们毫无准备，我们就开始进攻。

(16) One might imagine that the Democrats' confusion or paralysis is due to their (或them )being used to holding power.

有人可能会认为，民主党的混乱或瘫痪是由于他们习惯于掌握权力。

有时候，我们使用动名词being构成副词性分词(具有副词作用)从句(或称为绝对结构(absolute construction))，用于代替because /as / since，这种用法主要用在正式文体和文学文体中。例如——

(1) Being late, he couldn’t watch the show. (= Because he is late, he couldn’t watch the show.)

由于他迟到了，没能观看演出。

也可以改成“To be late,…”，等。

(2) Being a friend of the Minister, I am often invited to official parties. (= As I am a friend of the Minister, I am often invited to official parties.)

作为部长的朋友，我经常被邀请参加官方聚会。

也可改为“To be a friend of the Minister,…”，等。

(3) Being quite slim, I managed to squeeze through the small opening in the wall. (= Since I was quite slim, I managed to squeeze through the small opening in the wall.)

我个子很瘦，好不容易才从墙上的小洞口挤了进去。

也可改为“To be quite slim,…”，等。

(4) Being such a lazy oaf, Tony often drives to the nearby shops. (= Because Tony is such a lazy oaf，he often drives to the nearby shops.)

Tony是个懒惰的笨蛋，经常开车到附近的商店去。