自动化测试中的Page Object

2020-03-15 本文已影响0人 _夏兮

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为啥都没看到python呢？我只会python。

好的~

作为一个测试，确实python是被比较多测试者接受的语言。(我也许是个例外，2333~)

那么今天我们就用python的例子来讲下页面对象设计模式吧。

环境: python 3.6

测试框架:selenium

image

二

首先，我们来看下一个最简单的用例。

步骤:打开google，输入'cheese'

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located

#This example requires Selenium WebDriver 3.13 or newer
with webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='/*/Downloads/chromedriver') as driver:
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
    driver.get("https://google.com/ncr")
    driver.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys("cheese" + Keys.RETURN)
    first_result = wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h3>div")))
    print(first_result.get_attribute("textContent"))

在以上的例子中，我们只用了selenium，接着我们引入unittest.

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        path = '/Users/summer.gan/Downloads/chromedriver'
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=path)

    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        driver = self.driver
        driver.get("http://www.python.org")
        self.assertIn("Python", driver.title)
        elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
        elem.send_keys("pycon")
        elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
        assert "No results found." not in driver.page_source


    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

在以上的例子中我们把页面元素，断言，业务流程都写在同个文件中。接下来我们引入page objects design pattern。

image

三

现在我们来介绍下page objects design pattern。

使用页面对象设计模式的好处：

创建可跨多个测试用例共用的可重用代码
减少重复代码的数量
如果用户界面发生了变化，修复程序只需要在一个地方进行更改

我们来看下修改后的代码:
testcase.py

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
import page

class PythonOrgSearch(unittest.TestCase):
    """A sample test class to show how page object works"""

    def setUp(self):
        path = '/*/Downloads/chromedriver'
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=path)
        self.driver.get("http://www.python.org")

    def test_search_in_python_org(self):
        """
        Tests python.org search feature. Searches for the word "pycon" then verified that some results show up.
        Note that it does not look for any particular text in search results page. This test verifies that
        the results were not empty.
        """

        #Load the main page. In this case the home page of Python.org.
        main_page = page.MainPage(self.driver)
        #Checks if the word "Python" is in title
        assert main_page.is_title_matches(), "python.org title doesn't match."
        #Sets the text of search textbox to "pycon"
        main_page.search_text_element = "pycon"
        main_page.click_go_button()
        search_results_page = page.SearchResultsPage(self.driver)
        #Verifies that the results page is not empty
        assert search_results_page.is_results_found(), "No results found."

    def tearDown(self):
        self.driver.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

page.py

from element import BasePageElement
from locators import MainPageLocators

class SearchTextElement(BasePageElement):
    """This class gets the search text from the specified locator"""

    #The locator for search box where search string is entered
    locator = 'q'


class BasePage(object):
    """Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from all pages"""

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver


class MainPage(BasePage):
    """Home page action methods come here. I.e. Python.org"""

    #Declares a variable that will contain the retrieved text
    search_text_element = SearchTextElement()

    def is_title_matches(self):
        """Verifies that the hardcoded text "Python" appears in page title"""
        return "Python" in self.driver.title

    def click_go_button(self):
        """Triggers the search"""
        element = self.driver.find_element(*MainPageLocators.GO_BUTTON)
        element.click()


class SearchResultsPage(BasePage):
    """Search results page action methods come here"""

    def is_results_found(self):
        # Probably should search for this text in the specific page
        # element, but as for now it works fine
        return "No results found." not in self.driver.page_source```

element.py

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait

class BasePageElement(object):
    """Base page class that is initialized on every page object class."""

    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        """Sets the text to the value supplied"""
        driver = obj.driver
        WebDriverWait(driver, 100).until(
            lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_name(self.locator))
        driver.find_element_by_name(self.locator).clear()
        driver.find_element_by_name(self.locator).send_keys(value)

    def __get__(self, obj, owner):
        """Gets the text of the specified object"""
        driver = obj.driver
        WebDriverWait(driver, 100).until(
            lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_name(self.locator))
        element = driver.find_element_by_name(self.locator)
        return element.get_attribute("value")

locator.py

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class MainPageLocators(object):
    """A class for main page locators. All main page locators should come here"""
    GO_BUTTON = (By.ID, 'submit')

class SearchResultsPageLocators(object):
    """A class for search results locators. All search results locators should come here"""
    pass

在page类中(page.py)，把每个页面创建一个对象，把测试代码与技术实现之间建立一种隔离。

本文主要来自: https://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/page-objects.html

自动化测试中的Page Object

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