Android查询手机媒体库

前言

最近项目中需要查询本地音乐进行展示播放，固有此篇文章。

什么是MediaStore？

MediaStore是android中的多媒体数据库，android中多媒体信息都可以从这里提取。这个MediaStore包括了多媒体数据库的所有信息，包括 音频，视频和图像,android把所有的多媒体数据库接口进行了封装，所有的数据库不用自己进行创建，直接调用利用ContentResolver去掉 用那些封装好的接口就可以进行数据库的操作了。当需要进行本地图片、视频、音乐的元数据查询时可以使用该类。

MediaStore内嵌类

MediaStore.Audio
音频内容容器
MediaStore.Images
图片内容容器
MediaStore.Video
视频内容容器
MediaStore.Files
MediaProvider表包含媒体存储中所有文件的索引，包括非媒体文件

读取图片

MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI 查询所有的图片
常用字段如下
MediaStore.Images.Media._ID 图片id
MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME 图片文件名
MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA 图片保存全路径
MediaStore.Images.Media.WIDTH 图片宽度
MediaStore.Images.Media.HEIGHT 图片高度
MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED 图片创建时间
MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED 图片最后修改时间
MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE 图片大小

代码如下:
PicActivity:

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo;

import android.database.Cursor;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter.AudioAdapter;
import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter.PictureAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import domain.Picture;
import domain.Song;

public class PicActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    List<Picture> pics;
    RecyclerView rv;
    PictureAdapter adapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_audio);
        initView();
        initData();
    }


    public void initView(){
        rv=findViewById(R.id.rc);
        rv.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false));
        adapter=new PictureAdapter(this);

    }

    public void initData(){
        pics=new ArrayList<>();
        /**
         * MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI   查询所有的图片
         * MediaStore.Images.Media._ID 图片id
         * MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME 图片文件名
         * MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA   图片保存全路径
         * MediaStore.Images.Media.WIDTH   图片宽度
         *  MediaStore.Images.Media.HEIGHT  图片高度
         *  MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED  图片创建时间
         *  MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED  图片最后修改时间
         *  MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE 图片大小
         */
        String[] projection=new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media._ID,MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA
        ,MediaStore.Images.Media.WIDTH, MediaStore.Images.Media.HEIGHT, MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED,MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED
        ,MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE
        };
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection, null, null, MediaStore.Images.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
        while (cursor!=null&&cursor.moveToNext()){
            long  picId=cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media._ID));
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String data = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
            long width = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.WIDTH));
            long height=cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.HEIGHT));
            long addTime = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_ADDED));
            long modifyTime = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATE_MODIFIED));
            long size=cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.SIZE ));
            Picture picture=new Picture();
            picture.setData(data);
            picture.setWidth(width);
            picture.setHeight(height);
            picture.setName(name);
            picture.setPicCreateTime(addTime);
            picture.setPicId(picId);
            picture.setPicModifyTime(modifyTime);
            picture.setSize(size);
            pics.add(picture);
        }

        adapter.setList(pics);
        rv.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

PictureAdapter:

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.R;

import java.util.List;

import domain.Picture;
import domain.Song;

/**
 * Created by jackal on 2019/10/10.
 */

public class PictureAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<PictureAdapter.AudioViewHolder> {

    List<Picture> list;
    Context context;

    public PictureAdapter(Context context){
        this.context=context;
    }

    @Override
    public AudioViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View inflate = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_audio, parent, false);
        AudioViewHolder viewHolder=new AudioViewHolder(inflate);
        viewHolder.tv=inflate.findViewById(R.id.tv);
        return viewHolder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(AudioViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Picture pic = list.get(position);
        holder.tv.setText(pic.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    class AudioViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView tv;
        public AudioViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
        }
    }


    public void setList(List<Picture> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
}

测试结果

读取图片.png

读取音频

常用查询字段
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM 专辑名称
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM_ID 所在专辑表中的id
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST 艺术家名称
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST_ID 所在艺术家表中的id
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DURATION 音频时长
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_MUSIC 是否是音乐文件
MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DATA 文件保存全路径
MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME 歌曲文件名
MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE 歌名

代码如下：
AudioActivity:

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo;

import android.database.Cursor;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter.AudioAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import domain.Song;

public class AudioActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    List<Song> songs;
    RecyclerView rv;
    AudioAdapter adapter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_audio);
        initView();
        initData();
    }


    public void initView(){
        rv=findViewById(R.id.rc);
        rv.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this,LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL,false));
        adapter=new AudioAdapter(this);

    }

    public void initData(){
        songs=new ArrayList<>();
        //查询那些字段？
        /**
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM  专辑名称
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM_ID 所在专辑表中的id
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST  艺术家名称
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST_ID  所在艺术家表中的id
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DURATION  音频时长
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_MUSIC  是否是音乐文件
         * MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DATA      文件保存全路径
         * MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME     歌曲文件名
         * MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE            歌名
         * ...等等
         */
        String[] projections=new String[]{MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM_ID,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST
        ,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST_ID,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DURATION,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_MUSIC,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DATA
        , MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE};
        //MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI 保存所有歌曲的信息
        //MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER  默认排序
        Cursor query = getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,projections,MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_MUSIC+"!=0",null,MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER );
        while (query!=null&&query.moveToNext()){
            String album = query.getString(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM));
            long album_id = query.getLong(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ALBUM_ID));
            String artist = query.getString(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST));
            long artist_id = query.getLong(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.ARTIST_ID));
            long duration = query.getLong(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DURATION));
            String data = query.getString(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.DATA));
            String title=query.getString(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String songName=query.getString(query.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE));
            Song song=new Song();
            song.setAlbum(album);
            song.setAlbum_id(album_id);
            song.setArtist(artist);
            song.setArtist_id(artist_id);
            song.setDuration(duration);
            song.setData(data);
            song.setTitle(title);
            song.setSongName(songName);
            songs.add(song);
        }
        adapter.setList(songs);
        rv.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

AudioAdapter:

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.R;

import java.util.List;

import domain.Song;

/**
 * Created by jackal on 2019/10/10.
 */

public class AudioAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<AudioAdapter.AudioViewHolder> {

    List<Song> list;
    Context context;

    public AudioAdapter(Context context){
        this.context=context;
    }

    @Override
    public AudioViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View inflate = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_audio, parent, false);
        AudioViewHolder viewHolder=new AudioViewHolder(inflate);
        viewHolder.tv=inflate.findViewById(R.id.tv);
        return viewHolder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(AudioViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Song song = list.get(position);
        holder.tv.setText(song.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    class AudioViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView tv;
        public AudioViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
        }
    }


    public void setList(List<Song> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
}

测试结果

读取视频.png

读取音频

常见字段
MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI 查询所有的音频
MediaStore.Video.Media._ID 视频ID
MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM 专辑
MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST 艺术家姓名
MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED 视频文件创建时间
MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME 视频文件名称
MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE 视频名
MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION 视频时长
MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE 视频大小
MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA 视频保存路径
MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED 视频文件修改时间

代码如下:
VideoActivity：

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo;

import android.database.Cursor;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter.AudioAdapter;
import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter.VideoAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import domain.Song;
import domain.Video;

public class VideoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    List<Video> videos;
    RecyclerView rv;
    VideoAdapter adapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_audio);
        initView();
        initData();
    }


    public void initView() {
        rv = findViewById(R.id.rc);
        rv.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false));
        adapter = new VideoAdapter(this);

    }

    public void initData() {
        videos = new ArrayList<>();
        /**
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI 查询所有的音频
         * MediaStore.Video.Media._ID  视频ID
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM  专辑
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST  艺术家姓名
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED  视频文件创建时间
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME   视频文件名称
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE   视频名
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION  视频时长
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE 视频大小
         * MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA  视频保存路径
         *  MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED  视频文件修改时间
         *
         */
        String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Video.Media._ID, MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM, MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST, MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED
                , MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE, MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION, MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA,
                MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED};
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection, null, null, MediaStore.Video.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
        while (cursor != null && cursor.moveToNext()) {
            long id = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID));
            String album = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.ALBUM));
            String artist = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.ARTIST));
            long addTime = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_ADDED));
            String fileName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME));
            String title = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE));
            long duration = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.DURATION));
            long size=cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE));
            String data = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA));
            long modifyTime = cursor.getLong(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATE_MODIFIED));
            Video video=new Video();
            video.setAddTime(addTime);
            video.setAlbum(album);
            video.setArtist(artist);
            video.setData(data);
            video.setDuration(duration);
            video.setFileName(fileName);
            video.setId(id);
            video.setModifyTime(modifyTime);
            video.setSize(size);
            videos.add(video);
        }
        adapter.setList(videos);
        rv.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

VideoAdapter

package com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.adapter;

import android.content.Context;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.zhqy.mediastoredemo.R;

import java.util.List;

import domain.Picture;
import domain.Video;

/**
 * Created by jackal on 2019/10/10.
 */

public class VideoAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<VideoAdapter.AudioViewHolder> {

    List<Video> list;
    Context context;

    public VideoAdapter(Context context){
        this.context=context;
    }

    @Override
    public AudioViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View inflate = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_audio, parent, false);
        AudioViewHolder viewHolder=new AudioViewHolder(inflate);
        viewHolder.tv=inflate.findViewById(R.id.tv);
        return viewHolder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(AudioViewHolder holder, int position) {
        Video video = list.get(position);
        holder.tv.setText(video.toString());
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return list.size();
    }

    class AudioViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        TextView tv;
        public AudioViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
        }
    }


    public void setList(List<Video> list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
}

测试结果

读取音频.png

结语

以上就是查询手机媒体库的全部介绍，使用起来也很简单，但各个表的字段较多，在使用时查询自己需要的字段数据。