Java8的新特性

2018-10-15  本文已影响0人  丰极

一、lambda表达式

参考网址:http://www.importnew.com/16436.html

@Test
    public void testlambda(){

        //线程
        new Thread(() -> System.out.println("Runnable\n")).start();

        //事件
        JButton show =  new JButton("Show");
        show.addActionListener((e) -> {
            System.out.println("Listener\n");
        });

        //集合
        List features = Arrays.asList("Lambdas", "Default Method", "Stream API", "Date and Time API");
        features.forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));
//        features.forEach(System.out::println);

        //mapReduce
        List<Integer> costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
        double bill = costBeforeTax.stream().map((cost) -> cost + .12*cost).reduce((sum, cost) -> sum + cost).get();
        System.out.println("Total : " + bill + "\n");

        Predicate<String> startsWithJ = (n) -> n.startsWith("J");
        Predicate<String> fourLetterLong = (n) -> n.length() == 4;
        List names = Arrays.asList("Java", "Scala", "C++", "Haskell", "Lisp");
        names.stream()
                .filter(startsWithJ.and(fourLetterLong))
                .forEach((n) -> System.out.print("nName, which starts with 'J' and four letter long is : " + n + "\n"));

        //获取数字的个数、最小值、最大值、总和以及平均值
        List<Integer> primes = Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29);
        IntSummaryStatistics stats = primes.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();
        System.out.println("Highest prime number in List : " + stats.getMax());
        System.out.println("Lowest prime number in List : " + stats.getMin());
        System.out.println("Sum of all prime numbers : " + stats.getSum());
        System.out.println("Average of all prime numbers : " + stats.getAverage());

    }

二、Stream

参考网址:https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-java8streamapi/

stream() : 返回串行流
parallelStream() : 返回并行流

@Test
public void testStream() {
    List list = new ArrayList();
    list.add("1");
    list.add("2");
    list.add("3");
    list.add("4");
    list.parallelStream().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));
}

三、接口默认方法

public interface Vehicle {
   default void print(){
      System.out.println("我是一辆车!");
   }
}

四、新的Date-Time Api

(1)

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.Month;
 
public class Java8Tester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testLocalDateTime();
   }
    
   public void testLocalDateTime(){
    
      // 获取当前的日期时间
      LocalDateTime currentTime = LocalDateTime.now();
      System.out.println("当前时间: " + currentTime);
        
      LocalDate date1 = currentTime.toLocalDate();
      System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
        
      Month month = currentTime.getMonth();
      int day = currentTime.getDayOfMonth();
      int seconds = currentTime.getSecond();
        
      System.out.println("月: " + month +", 日: " + day +", 秒: " + seconds);
        
      LocalDateTime date2 = currentTime.withDayOfMonth(10).withYear(2012);
      System.out.println("date2: " + date2);
        
      // 12 december 2014
      LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.of(2014, Month.DECEMBER, 12);
      System.out.println("date3: " + date3);
        
      // 22 小时 15 分钟
      LocalTime date4 = LocalTime.of(22, 15);
      System.out.println("date4: " + date4);
        
      // 解析字符串
      LocalTime date5 = LocalTime.parse("20:15:30");
      System.out.println("date5: " + date5);
   }
}

(2)时区

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneId;
 
public class Java8Tester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Java8Tester java8tester = new Java8Tester();
      java8tester.testZonedDateTime();
   }
    
   public void testZonedDateTime(){
    
      // 获取当前时间日期
      ZonedDateTime date1 = ZonedDateTime.parse("2015-12-03T10:15:30+05:30[Asia/Shanghai]");
      System.out.println("date1: " + date1);
        
      ZoneId id = ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris");
      System.out.println("ZoneId: " + id);
        
      ZoneId currentZone = ZoneId.systemDefault();
      System.out.println("当期时区: " + currentZone);
   }
}

五、 内置了 Base64 编码的编码器和解码器

import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 
public class Java8Tester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      try {
        
         // 使用基本编码
         String base64encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString("runoob?java8".getBytes("utf-8"));
         System.out.println("Base64 比那么字符串 (基本) :" + base64encodedString);
        
         // 解码
         byte[] base64decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64encodedString);
        
         System.out.println("原始字符串: " + new String(base64decodedBytes, "utf-8"));
         base64encodedString = Base64.getUrlEncoder().encodeToString("TutorialsPoint?java8".getBytes("utf-8"));
         System.out.println("Base64 编码字符串 (URL) :" + base64encodedString);
        
         StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        
         for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
            stringBuilder.append(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
         }
        
         byte[] mimeBytes = stringBuilder.toString().getBytes("utf-8");
         String mimeEncodedString = Base64.getMimeEncoder().encodeToString(mimeBytes);
         System.out.println("Base64 编码字符串 (MIME) :" + mimeEncodedString);
         
      }catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e){
         System.out.println("Error :" + e.getMessage());
      }
   }
}

六、方法引用

方法引用使用一对冒号 ::

package com.runoob.main;
 
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
    T get();
}
 
class Car {
    //Supplier是jdk1.8的接口,这里和lamda一起使用了
    public static Car create(final Supplier<Car> supplier) {
        return supplier.get();
    }
 
    public static void collide(final Car car) {
        System.out.println("Collided " + car.toString());
    }
 
    public void follow(final Car another) {
        System.out.println("Following the " + another.toString());
    }
 
    public void repair() {
        System.out.println("Repaired " + this.toString());
    }
}

(1)构造器引用:它的语法是Class::new,或者更一般的Class< T >::new实例如下:

final Car car = Car.create( Car::new );
final List< Car > cars = Arrays.asList( car );

(2)静态方法引用:它的语法是Class::static_method,实例如下:

cars.forEach( Car::collide );

(3)特定类的任意对象的方法引用:它的语法是Class::method实例如下:

cars.forEach( Car::repair );

(4)特定对象的方法引用:它的语法是instance::method实例如下:

final Car police = Car.create( Car::new );
cars.forEach( police::follow );

七、函数式接口

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
public class Java8Tester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9);
        
      // Predicate<Integer> predicate = n -> true
      // n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
      // n 如果存在则 test 方法返回 true
        
      System.out.println("输出所有数据:");
        
      // 传递参数 n
      eval(list, n->true);
        
      // Predicate<Integer> predicate1 = n -> n%2 == 0
      // n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
      // 如果 n%2 为 0 test 方法返回 true
        
      System.out.println("输出所有偶数:");
      eval(list, n-> n%2 == 0 );
        
      // Predicate<Integer> predicate2 = n -> n > 3
      // n 是一个参数传递到 Predicate 接口的 test 方法
      // 如果 n 大于 3 test 方法返回 true
        
      System.out.println("输出大于 3 的所有数字:");
      eval(list, n-> n > 3 );
   }
    
   public static void eval(List<Integer> list, Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
      for(Integer n: list) {
        
         if(predicate.test(n)) {
            System.out.println(n + " ");
         }
      }
   }
}

八、Optional 类

Optional 类是一个可以为null的容器对象。如果值存在则isPresent()方法会返回true,调用get()方法会返回该对象。
Optional 是个容器:它可以保存类型T的值,或者仅仅保存null。Optional提供很多有用的方法,这样我们就不用显式进行空值检测。
Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常。

import java.util.Optional;
 
public class Java8Tester {
   public static void main(String args[]){
   
      Java8Tester java8Tester = new Java8Tester();
      Integer value1 = null;
      Integer value2 = new Integer(10);
        
      // Optional.ofNullable - 允许传递为 null 参数
      Optional<Integer> a = Optional.ofNullable(value1);
        
      // Optional.of - 如果传递的参数是 null,抛出异常 NullPointerException
      Optional<Integer> b = Optional.of(value2);
      System.out.println(java8Tester.sum(a,b));
   }
    
   public Integer sum(Optional<Integer> a, Optional<Integer> b){
    
      // Optional.isPresent - 判断值是否存在
        
      System.out.println("第一个参数值存在: " + a.isPresent());
      System.out.println("第二个参数值存在: " + b.isPresent());
        
      // Optional.orElse - 如果值存在,返回它,否则返回默认值
      Integer value1 = a.orElse(new Integer(0));
        
      //Optional.get - 获取值,值需要存在
      Integer value2 = b.get();
      return value1 + value2;
   }
}
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