量化投资学习笔记

信息比率 IR vs Sharpe Ratio

2019-02-28  本文已影响0人  changzhe

什么是信息比率 IR ?

信息比率是衡量投资组合相对于基准标的而言的超额收益的度量。
基准标的(benchmark)通常是代表整个市场或者某个行业的指数(index)。
IR 通常被用于衡量投资经理相对于市场而言获得超额收益的能力。同时,通过引入“tracking error”的概念而也用于确定投资组合的表现与市场走势的一致性。

IR 的计算

IR = \frac {(Portfolio \space return - Benchmark \space return)} {Tracking\,error}
其中,

关于 Tracking error

Tracking error 一般通过计算投资组合与基准标的的收益差的标准差得到。

【计算示例】
For example, assume that there is a large-cap mutual fund benchmarked to the S&P 500 index. Next, assume that the mutual fund and the index realized the following returns over a given five-year period:

Mutual Fund: 11%, 3%, 12%, 14% and 8%.
S&P 500 index: 12%, 5%, 13%, 9% and 7%.

Given this data, the series of differences is then (11% - 12%), (3% - 5%), (12% - 13%), (14% - 9%) and (8% - 7%). These differences equal -1%, -2%, -1%, 5%, and 1%. The standard deviation of this series of differences, the tracking error, is 2.79%.

要点总结

  1. IR 是投资组合相对于基准标的的超额收益比上收益波动性的度量。基准标的通常是市场、行业的指数,如标普500,等。
  2. IR 被用于评价投资经理相对于市场而言获取超额收益的水平。
  3. 高 IR 代表着投资经理在给定的风险下有着较高的获取超过市场水平的超额收益的能力。

IR 计算示例

For example, say you're comparing two different fund managers:

Fund Manager A's IR equals 1.81 or (13 - (-1.5) / 8). Fund Manager B's IR equals 2.11 or (8 - (-1.5) / 4.5). Although manager B had lower returns than manager A, their portfolio had a better IR because, in part, it has a lower standard deviation or tracking error, which means less risk and more consistency of the portfolio's performance relative to the benchmark index.

IR 与 Sharpe 比率的对比

IR 的局限性

参考文献
Information Ratio – IR Definition
Tracking Error

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