初识动态规划
2020-07-18 本文已影响0人
TomGui
0-1 背包问题
备忘录
private int maxW = Integer.MIN_VALUE; // 结果放到maxW中
private int[] weight = {2,2,4,6,3}; // 物品重量
private int n = 5; // 物品个数
private int w = 9; // 背包承受的最大重量
private boolean[][] mem = new boolean[5][10]; // 备忘录,默认值false
public void f(int i, int cw) { // 调用f(0, 0)
if (cw == w || i == n) { // cw==w表示装满了,i==n表示物品都考察完了
if (cw > maxW) maxW = cw;
return;
}
if (mem[i][cw]) return; // 重复状态
mem[i][cw] = true; // 记录(i, cw)这个状态
f(i+1, cw); // 选择不装第i个物品
if (cw + weight[i] <= w) {
f(i+1,cw + weight[i]); // 选择装第i个物品
}
}
动态规划-二维数组
weight:物品重量,n:物品个数,w:背包可承载重量
public int knapsack(int[] weight, int n, int w) {
boolean[][] states = new boolean[n][w+1]; // 默认值false
states[0][0] = true; // 第一行的数据要特殊处理,可以利用哨兵优化
if (weight[0] <= w) {
states[0][weight[0]] = true;
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { // 动态规划状态转移
for (int j = 0; j <= w; ++j) {// 不把第i个物品放入背包
if (states[i-1][j] == true) states[i][j] = states[i-1][j];
}
for (int j = 0; j <= w-weight[i]; ++j) {//把第i个物品放入背包
if (states[i-1][j]==true) states[i][j+weight[i]] = true;
}
}
for (int i = w; i >= 0; --i) { // 输出结果
if (states[n-1][i] == true) return i;
}
return 0;
}
动态规划-一维数组
public static int knapsack2(int[] items, int n, int w) {
boolean[] states = new boolean[w+1]; // 默认值false
states[0] = true; // 第一行的数据要特殊处理,可以利用哨兵优化
if (items[0] <= w) {
states[items[0]] = true;
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { // 动态规划
for (int j = w-items[i]; j >= 0; --j) {//把第i个物品放入背包
if (states[j]==true) states[j+items[i]] = true;
}
}
for (int i = w; i >= 0; --i) { // 输出结果
if (states[i] == true) return i;
}
return 0;
}
0-1 背包问题升级版
回溯算法
private int maxV = Integer.MIN_VALUE; // 结果放到maxV中
private int[] items = {2,2,4,6,3}; // 物品的重量
private int[] value = {3,4,8,9,6}; // 物品的价值
private int n = 5; // 物品个数
private int w = 9; // 背包承受的最大重量
public void f(int i, int cw, int cv) { // 调用f(0, 0, 0)
if (cw == w || i == n) { // cw==w表示装满了,i==n表示物品都考察完了
if (cv > maxV) maxV = cv;
return;
}
f(i+1, cw, cv); // 选择不装第i个物品
if (cw + weight[i] <= w) {
f(i+1,cw+weight[i], cv+value[i]); // 选择装第i个物品
}
}
动态规划-二维数组
public static int knapsack3(int[] weight, int[] value, int n, int w) {
int[][] states = new int[n][w+1];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { // 初始化states
for (int j = 0; j < w+1; ++j) {
states[i][j] = -1;
}
}
states[0][0] = 0;
if (weight[0] <= w) {
states[0][weight[0]] = value[0];
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { //动态规划,状态转移
for (int j = 0; j <= w; ++j) { // 不选择第i个物品
if (states[i-1][j] >= 0) states[i][j] = states[i-1][j];
}
for (int j = 0; j <= w-weight[i]; ++j) { // 选择第i个物品
if (states[i-1][j] >= 0) {
int v = states[i-1][j] + value[i];
if (v > states[i][j+weight[i]]) {
states[i][j+weight[i]] = v;
}
}
}
}
// 找出最大值
int maxvalue = -1;
for (int j = 0; j <= w; ++j) {
if (states[n-1][j] > maxvalue) maxvalue = states[n-1][j];
}
return maxvalue;
}
动态规划-一维数组
public static int knapsack4(int[] weight, int[] value, int n, int w) {
int[] states = new int[w + 1];
for (int i = 0; i < w + 1; ++i) { // 初始化states
states[i] = -1;
}
states[0] = 0;
if (weight[0] <= w) {
states[weight[0]] = value[0];
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { //动态规划,状态转移
for (int j = w - weight[i]; j >= 0; --j) {//把第i个物品放入背包
if (states[j] >= 0) {
int v = states[j] + value[i];
if (v > states[j + weight[i]]) {
states[j + weight[i]] = v;
}
}
}
}
// 找出最大值
int maxvalue = -1;
for (int i = w; i >= 0; --i) { // 输出结果
if (states[i] > maxvalue) {
maxvalue = states[i];
}
}
return maxvalue;
}