R语言学习笔记（5）-列表-
2021-01-18 本文已影响0人
Akuooo
参考视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19x411X7C6?p=21
一、列表
列表：用来存储内容的集合，在其他编程语言中，列表一般和数组等同；但在R中，是其最复杂也是非常重要的一种数据结构
列表是一些对象的有序集合，可存储若干向量、矩阵、数据框，甚至其他列表的组合
-
同向量比较
(1) 在模式上和向量类似，都是一维数据集合
(2) 向量只能存储一种数据类型，列表中的对象可以是任何数据结构，甚至列表本身 -
经典列表
state.center//美国每个洲的经纬度
> state.center
$x
[1] -86.7509 -127.2500 -111.6250 -92.2992 -119.7730 -105.5130 -72.3573 -74.9841 -81.6850
[10] -83.3736 -126.2500 -113.9300 -89.3776 -86.0808 -93.3714 -98.1156 -84.7674 -92.2724
[19] -68.9801 -76.6459 -71.5800 -84.6870 -94.6043 -89.8065 -92.5137 -109.3200 -99.5898
[28] -116.8510 -71.3924 -74.2336 -105.9420 -75.1449 -78.4686 -100.0990 -82.5963 -97.1239
[37] -120.0680 -77.4500 -71.1244 -80.5056 -99.7238 -86.4560 -98.7857 -111.3300 -72.5450
[46] -78.2005 -119.7460 -80.6665 -89.9941 -107.2560
$y
[1] 32.5901 49.2500 34.2192 34.7336 36.5341 38.6777 41.5928 38.6777 27.8744 32.3329 31.7500
[12] 43.5648 40.0495 40.0495 41.9358 38.4204 37.3915 30.6181 45.6226 39.2778 42.3645 43.1361
[23] 46.3943 32.6758 38.3347 46.8230 41.3356 39.1063 43.3934 39.9637 34.4764 43.1361 35.4195
[34] 47.2517 40.2210 35.5053 43.9078 40.9069 41.5928 33.6190 44.3365 35.6767 31.3897 39.1063
[45] 44.2508 37.5630 47.4231 38.4204 44.5937 43.0504
- 列表创建
> a <- 1:20
> b <- matrix(1:20,4)
> c <- mtcars
> d <- "This is a test list"
> mlist <- list(a,b,c,d)
> mlist
[[1]]
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
[[2]]
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 5 9 13 17
[2,] 2 6 10 14 18
[3,] 3 7 11 15 19
[4,] 4 8 12 16 20
[[3]]
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
[[4]]
[1] "This is a test list"
#设置名字
> mlist <- list(first=a,second=b,third=c,forth=d)
> mlist
$first
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
$second
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 5 9 13 17
[2,] 2 6 10 14 18
[3,] 3 7 11 15 19
[4,] 4 8 12 16 20
$third
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
$forth
[1] "This is a test list"
4.列表访问
(1) 使用下标
> mlist[1]
$first
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
#一次访问多个元素，需要加上c()
> mlist[c(1,2)]
$first
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
$second
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 5 9 13 17
[2,] 2 6 10 14 18
[3,] 3 7 11 15 19
[4,] 4 8 12 16 20
(2)使用名称
> state.center[c("x","y")]
$x
[1] -86.7509 -127.2500 -111.6250 -92.2992 -119.7730 -105.5130 -72.3573 -74.9841 -81.6850
[10] -83.3736 -126.2500 -113.9300 -89.3776 -86.0808 -93.3714 -98.1156 -84.7674 -92.2724
[19] -68.9801 -76.6459 -71.5800 -84.6870 -94.6043 -89.8065 -92.5137 -109.3200 -99.5898
[28] -116.8510 -71.3924 -74.2336 -105.9420 -75.1449 -78.4686 -100.0990 -82.5963 -97.1239
[37] -120.0680 -77.4500 -71.1244 -80.5056 -99.7238 -86.4560 -98.7857 -111.3300 -72.5450
[46] -78.2005 -119.7460 -80.6665 -89.9941 -107.2560
$y
[1] 32.5901 49.2500 34.2192 34.7336 36.5341 38.6777 41.5928 38.6777 27.8744 32.3329 31.7500
[12] 43.5648 40.0495 40.0495 41.9358 38.4204 37.3915 30.6181 45.6226 39.2778 42.3645 43.1361
[23] 46.3943 32.6758 38.3347 46.8230 41.3356 39.1063 43.3934 39.9637 34.4764 43.1361 35.4195
[34] 47.2517 40.2210 35.5053 43.9078 40.9069 41.5928 33.6190 44.3365 35.6767 31.3897 39.1063
[45] 44.2508 37.5630 47.4231 38.4204 44.5937 43.0504
(3) 会出现列表中包含的各项名字
mlist$.png
（4）[] [[]]
> mlist[1]
$first
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
> mlist[[1]]
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
#用class看一下，其性质有何不同
> class(mlist[1])
[1] "list"//输出的为list
> class(mlist[[1]])
[1] "integer"//输出的为数据本身的类型
两个中括号，每次只能访问一个元素
若要输出矩阵，接下来就可以用访问矩阵的方式来进行操作
但若输出的是列表，则不能访问这个矩阵
比如将Iris数据集加入列表
#若用一个中括号
> mlist[5] <- iris
Warning message:
In mlist[5] <- iris : 被替换的项目不是替换值长度的倍数
> mlist[[5]] <- iris
$first
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
$second
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,] 1 5 9 13 17
[2,] 2 6 10 14 18
[3,] 3 7 11 15 19
[4,] 4 8 12 16 20
$third
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4
Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
$forth
[1] "This is a test list"
[[5]]
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
……
若想删除列表中的元素，可以采用负整数索引的方式，再赋值给列表或者是赋值为NULL
如
mlist <- mlist[-5]
#或者是赋值NULL
> mlist[5] <- NULL
