语法基础4第一节——插入语
一、什么是插入语
插入语是插入主谓之间,用逗号或破折号隔开。
插入语主要承担以下作用:
第一,解释、说明或总结一句话;
第二,表示说话人的态度和看法;
第三,强调作用或者引起对方注意;
第四,起转移话题或说明原因;
第五,承上启下,使语句间的衔接更为紧密。
二、什么可以做插入语
1、单词做插入语
常见的副词:
Furthermore(此外),besides(此外),personally(个人而言),fortunately(幸运地是),undoubtedly(毫无疑问),indeed(的确地),surely(确定地),obviously(明显地),briefly (简而言之),actually(事实上),probably(可能地),additionally(此外),similarly(相似地),exactly(准确地)等。
例句:
① Respecting parents, undoubtedly, is a traditional Chinese virtue.
【翻译】孝敬父母,毫无疑问是中国传统美德。
② Feeding pets can, certainly, helps children develop friendship skills.
【翻译】养宠物的确能够帮助孩子们培养交友技能。
2、短语做插入语
1)介词短语作插入语
常用作插入语的有:
in my opinion(就我而言),for my part(就我而言),from my perspective(就我而言),on the contrary(相反地),in other words(换句话说),in a sort of sense(在某种程度上),in general(一般来说),in short(简而言之),in conclusion(总之),in reality (事实上),as a matter of fact(事实上),in addition(此外),of course(当然),as a consequence/result(所以)等。
举例:
① Will you marry me?
-My answer is, of course, yes!
【翻译】你愿意嫁给我吗?
-我的回答当然是愿意啦!
② I have to admit that I am, as a matter of fact, in difficulties.
【翻译】我不得不承认,我事实上是陷入了困境。
2)分词短语作插入语
常用作插入语的有:
judging from (根据...判断),honestly speaking(坦白地说) ,generally speaking(一般地说),strictly speaking(严格地说)等
举例:
① I am, generally speaking,very satisfied with my job.
【翻译】总体上说,我对我的工作很满意。
② Harbin, known as “Paris in the East”, attracts hundreds of millions of tourists every winter.
【翻译】哈尔滨,以“东方小巴黎”著称,每年冬天吸引数亿的游客前去参观。
3)不定式短语作插入语
常用的不定式短语:
to be frank(坦白地说),to tell you the truth(坦诚地说),to be honest (坦白地说),to be sure(确定地),to make the matter worse(更糟糕地是)等。
举例:
① Those actors, to be frank, are charming when they perform on the stage.
【翻译】那些演员,说实话,在舞台上表演的时候很迷人。
② What he said, to be sure,makes me feel outraged.
【翻译】当然,他说的话使我感到愤怒。
4)形容词或其短语作插入语
常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语有:
sure enough(确定地); worse still(更糟糕的是); strange to say(说来奇怪),needless to say(不用说), most important of all(最为重要的是)等,表现了说话人的情感或态度等。
举例:
① Dayan,sure enough, came out with all the news we wanted.
【翻译】大雁果然把我们想要的消息都讲出来了。
② Surfing the internet, needless to say, has exerted great influence on the mental and physical health of university students.
【翻译】不用说,上网已经影响到了大学生的身心健康。
3、分句作插入语
常见的有:
I believe(我认为),I suppose(我认为),I'm afraid(我害怕),what's more(此外),what's worse(更糟糕的是), that is (to say)(也就是说),as far as I know(就我而言),as far as I'm concerned(就我而言),believe it or not(信不信由你) 等。
举例:
① It began to rain suddenly, what was worse, we didn't take any umbrella.
【翻译】突然下起雨来,更糟的是,我们没有带伞。
② Self-discipline,as far as i am concerned, enables teenagers and youngsters to achieve greater success.
【翻译】我认为,自律能使年轻人取得更大的成功。
三、插入语的考点分析
1、写作
举例:
① Air pollution, to be honest, has become a widespread problem around the world.
【翻译】说句实在的,空气污染已成为全世界普遍存在的问题。
② Environment, in fact, has a far-reaching impact on a person's character.
【翻译】其实,环境对一个人的性格有着深远的影响。
③ Tourism, indeed, can promote the mutual understanding among nations.
【翻译】旅游业确实可以促进国家间的相互了解。
2、长难句分析
处理方式:
1 )如果插入语表示观点或逻辑关系,则要提到句首翻译;
2 )如果插入语是修饰前面名词的定语,则按照定语的翻译方法来处理;
3 )除了以上两种情况,插入语都可以直接翻译,用小括号括起来即可。
举例:
① This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
【翻译】这就是为什么研究人员通常认为适度的所谓道德内疚感是一件好事情。
② Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor.
【翻译】 玉米、棉花、大米、大豆和小麦的生产基本上已经实现机械化,但许多高价值、劳动密集型的作物,比如草莓,仍然需要劳动力。
③ Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far- reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
【翻译】沃尔夫开始相信某种语言决定论,这种理论(重复先行词,定语后置)(以最极端的方式)认为,语言限制人们的思想,并且语言的语法结构会对社会文化产生深远的影响。
④ But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration(定语) that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human(定语从句) before the end of the next century.”(时间状语)
【翻译】但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电于化的仿真人”。
⑤ The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
【翻译】巨大的宇宙云的存在,实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。