Linux(BBB Debian）下分区并自动挂载TF卡
2018-01-21 本文已影响43人
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1 检查
为了弥补BBB内部空间不足，需要采用tf卡对存储空间进行扩展。将tf卡插入BBB后，通过df命令查看不到，这是因为没有格式化并装载。
debian@beaglebone:~$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 221764 0 221764 0% /dev
tmpfs 49876 5080 44796 11% /run
/dev/mmcblk1p1 1809656 1632724 66956 97% /
tmpfs 249364 0 249364 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 249364 0 249364 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 49872 0 49872 0% /run/user/1000
2 fdisk
在采用fdisk命令时可以看到未挂载的tf卡。
debian@beaglebone:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors #这个为16g 的tf卡位置
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mmcblk1: 1.8 GiB, 1920991232 bytes, 3751936 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xab51b3cf
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk1p1 * 8192 3751935 3743744 1.8G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mmcblk1boot1: 1 MiB, 1048576 bytes, 2048 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mmcblk1boot0: 1 MiB, 1048576 bytes, 2048 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
debian@beaglebone:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
3 分区
通过fdisk命令制定tf卡分区进行操作
debian@beaglebone:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.29.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device /dev/mmcblk0 already contains a ext4 signature.
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd9c1e649.
Command (m for help):
在这里输入m会列出子命令列表。
4 fdisk详细命令
分区操作，这里由于tf卡只有16g，仅分了一个区，先输入d命令，删除可能存在的分区，再输入p查看分区，然后输入n新建分区，输入1新建1个分区，然后选择默认大小。分区完成后输入w保存并离开，使命令生效。如果输入过程有错误，可以仅输入q退出fdisk命令而不保存。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd9c1e649
Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!
Could not delete partition 30442297
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd9c1e649
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-31116287, default 31116287):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.9 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
5 格式化
这里将新的分区格式化为linux下ext4类型的分区。
debian@beaglebone:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p1 #这是在mmcblk0上分好的分区1
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 3889280 4k blocks and 972944 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 8addcae6-3f24-4c19-bb85-b1076beb7414
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
6 挂载
在主目录下建立tf目录（这个可以随意）并将格式化好的分区挂载在下面。挂载完成后再用df命令就能看到挂载过的文件了。
debian@beaglebone:~$ sudo mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /home/debian/tf
debian@beaglebone:~$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 221764 0 221764 0% /dev
tmpfs 49876 5080 44796 11% /run
/dev/mmcblk1p1 1809656 1632732 66948 97% /
tmpfs 249364 0 249364 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 4 5116 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 249364 0 249364 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 49872 0 49872 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/mmcblk0p1 15247276 40984 14412052 1% /home/debian/tf
```
## 7 自动挂载
为了避免每次开机都要手动挂载，可以将tf卡设置为开机自动挂载。
这需要编辑/etc/fstab文件并增加分区自动挂载内容。
```python
debian@beaglebone:~/tf$ sudo vim /etc/fstab\
#文件内容
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
/dev/mmcblk1p1 / ext4 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /home/debian/tf ext4 defaults 0 1 #这一行为新加内容
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
```
保存文件并重新启动系统，用df命令查看时可以看到分区已经自动挂载到了指定位置。
