WebService协议

http 和 webservice 都是基于TCP/IP协议的应用层协议

webservice是基于http的soap协议传输数据 webservice=soap=http+xml，webservice协议就是有http+xml组成的，其中xml中会用到wsdl，wsdl是描述语言xml中的一种格式。

socket是基于TCP/IP的传输协议，是对TCP/IP协议的封装

socket和TCP都是基于TCP/IP传输层协议

注：Restful是一种接口规范，而不是接口协议，restful接口规范中也会用到http协议。

以下内容转载自：https://blog.csdn.net/sunroyi666/article/details/51917991 因现在大部分会用http协议不用webservice协议，故没有实际操作，只是转载来了解理论。

一. WSDL WebService的创建：
1.创建【Web Service Project】：

image.png

WebServices Framework要选JAX-WS：

image.png

2.写一个简单的测试用例：

package com.webservice;

public class WebService{

public String printData(String printerName){
    String strRet = "Welcome to use WebService, " + printerName;
    
    System.out.println("Print from WebService:" + strRet);
    
    return strRet;
}   

}

3.发布Web Service：
点击工具栏的New Web Service：

image.png

Strategy选择第二个（Create web service from Java class）：

image.png

勾选【Generate WSDL in project】：

image.png

点击【Finish】后，系统会在WEB-INF/wsdl下生成两个文件：

image.png

WebServiceService.wsdl：这个文件是用来描述Web Service内容的
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<definitions xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://webservice.com/" xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" name="WebServiceService" targetNamespace="http://webservice.com/">
<types>
<xsd:schema>
<xsd:import namespace="http://webservice.com/" schemaLocation="WebServiceService_schema1.xsd"/>
</xsd:schema>
</types>
<message name="printData">
<part element="tns:printData" name="parameters"/>
</message>
<message name="printDataResponse">
<part element="tns:printDataResponse" name="parameters"/>
</message>
<portType name="WebServiceDelegate">
<operation name="printData">
<input message="tns:printData"/>
<output message="tns:printDataResponse"/>
</operation>
</portType>
<binding name="WebServicePortBinding" type="tns:WebServiceDelegate">
<soap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
<operation name="printData">
<soap:operation soapAction=""/>
<input>
<soap:body use="literal"/>
</input>
<output>
<soap:body use="literal"/>
</output>
</operation>
</binding>
<service name="WebServiceService">
<port binding="tns:WebServicePortBinding" name="WebServicePort">
<soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/WebService/WebServicePort"/>
</port>
</service>
</definitions>

WebServiceService_schema1.xsd：用来说明Web Service的命令及其参数
比如：sample里面的WebService是【printData】,有一个String类型的参数【arg0】，返回值一个String类型的值。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:tns="http://webservice.com/" targetNamespace="http://webservice.com/" version="1.0">

<xs:element name="printData" type="tns:printData"/>

<xs:element name="printDataResponse" type="tns:printDataResponse"/>

<xs:complexType name="printData">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="arg0" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>

<xs:complexType name="printDataResponse">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>

将WebService项目部署到Tomcat即可。
（部署方法略）

二. WSDL WebService的调用：
方法1：创建Web Service Client来调用：
1.创建【Java Project】：

image.png

2.点击工具栏的New Web Service Client：

image.png image.png

3.选择【WSDL URL】：

image.png

4.点击【Next】完成创建后，在src/com/webservice下，自动生成相关文件。（WebServiceTest.java除外，这个是自己创建的调用文件）

image.png

5.创建【WebServiceTest.java】

image.png

代码如下：
package com.webservice;

public class WebServiceTest{

public static void main(String[] args){
    WebServiceService wssPrintData = new WebServiceService();
    WebServiceDelegate wsdPrintData = wssPrintData.getWebServicePort();
    
    System.out.println(wsdPrintData.printData("sun"));
}   

}

6.【WebServiceTest.java】右键→Run As→Java Application
输出结果：
Welcome to use WebService, sun

方法2：用HttpClient调用：
package com.httpclientforwsdl;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.InputStreamRequestEntity;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.RequestEntity;

public class WebServiceHttpClientTest{

public synchronized static String accessService(String wsdl,String ns,String method,Map<String,String> params,String result)throws Exception{  
    //拼接参数  
    String param = getParam(params);  
    String soapResponseData = "";  
    //拼接SOAP  
    StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer("");  
    soapRequestData.append("<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">");  
    soapRequestData.append("<soap:Body>");  
    soapRequestData.append("<ns1:"+method+" xmlns:ns1=\""+ns+"\">");  
    soapRequestData.append(param);  
    soapRequestData.append("</ns1:"+method+">");  
    soapRequestData.append("</soap:Body>" + "</soap:Envelope>");  
    PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(wsdl);  
    // 然后把Soap请求数据添加到PostMethod中  
    byte[] b=null;  
    InputStream is=null;  
    try {  
        b = soapRequestData.toString().getBytes("utf-8");   
        is = new ByteArrayInputStream(b, 0, b.length);  
        RequestEntity re = new InputStreamRequestEntity(is, b.length,"text/xml; charset=UTF-8");  
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(re);  
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();  
        int status = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);  
        System.out.println("status:"+status);  
        if(status==200){  
            soapResponseData = getMesage(postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString(),result);  
        }  
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally{  
        if(is!=null){  
            is.close();  
        }  
    }  
    return soapResponseData;  
}  
  
public static String getParam(Map<String,String> params){  
    String param = "";  
    if(params!=null){  
        Iterator<String> it  = params.keySet().iterator();  
        while(it.hasNext()){  
            String str = it.next();  
            param+="<"+str+">";  
            param+=params.get(str);  
            param+="</"+str+">";  
        }  
    }  
    return param;  
}  
  
public static String getMesage(String soapAttachment,String result){  
    System.out.println("message:"+soapAttachment);  
    if(result==null){  
        return null;  
    }  
    if(soapAttachment!=null && soapAttachment.length()>0){  
        int begin = soapAttachment.indexOf(result);  
        begin = soapAttachment.indexOf(">", begin);  
        int end = soapAttachment.indexOf("</"+result+">");  
        String str = soapAttachment.substring(begin+1, end);  
        str = str.replaceAll("<", "<");  
        str = str.replaceAll(">", ">");  
        return str;  
    }else{  
        return "";  
    }  
}  
  
/** 
 * @param args 
 */  
public static void main(String[] args) {   
    try {  
        Map<String,String> param = new HashMap<String,String>();  
        param.put("arg0", "sun");
        String wsdl="http://localhost:8080/WebService/WebServicePort?wsdl";  
        String ns = "http://webservice.com/";  
        String method="printData";  
        String response =accessService(wsdl,ns,method,param,"return");  
        System.out.println("main:"+response);  
          
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
}  

}

显示结果：
status:200
七月 15, 2016 3:43:27 下午 org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase getResponseBody
警告: Going to buffer response body of large or unknown size. Using getResponseBodyAsStream instead is recommended.
message:<?xml version="1.0" ?><S:Envelope xmlns:S="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><S:Body><ns2:printDataResponse xmlns:ns2="http://webservice.com/"><return>Welcome to use WebService, sun</return></ns2:printDataResponse></S:Body></S:Envelope>
main:Welcome to use WebService, sun

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作者：Royi666
来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/sunroyi666/article/details/51917991
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