Climate goals at poverty
正文
Are climate goals compatible with reducing poverty?
减排与减贫可以兼得吗？
The UN's Sustainable Development Goals require greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions to halve by 2030. They also aim to eradicate extreme poverty by the same date. Are these two in conflict? Not as much as you might think.
联合国可持续发展目标要求温室气体（GHG）的排放量到 2030 年时减半，并力求在同一时间消除极度贫困。这两者是否相冲突？其实并没有你想得那么严重。
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A study published in "Nature Sustainability" this week demonstrates how eliminating extreme poverty should not imperil efforts to mitigate climate change. A team led by Benedikt Bruckner of the University of Groningen has, for the first time, compiled a comprehensive estimate of the distribution of carbon consumption across 116 countries, accounting for 87% of the world's population.***
本周发表在《自然-可持续发展》期刊上的一项研究表明，消除极端贫困不应危及人们为缓解气候变化所做的努力。由格罗宁根大学的本尼迪克特·布鲁克率领的团队首次对占世界总人口 87% 的 116 个国家碳消耗量的分布进行了全面估算。
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The research highlights enormous inequalities in emissions. It finds that the top 1% of global emitters were responsible for 15% of global emissions in 2014, while the bottom half accounted for just 10% of emissions.
该项研究强调了碳排放量方面巨大的不平等。研究发现，2014 年时，全球碳排放量前 1% 的国家占全球排放总量的 15%，而排名后 50% 的国家，仅占全球的 10%。
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The researchers then model what effect poverty reduction might have on GHG emissions. Because they consume little, people living in extreme poverty typically have a tiny carbon footprint. In 2014, the 350m Indians in extreme poverty were thought to account for just one-tenth of their country's emissions. Lifting them out of extreme poverty would increase India's emissions by just 4%.
研究人员随后模拟了减少贫困对温室气体排放可能造成的影响。由于消费较少，生活在极端贫困中的人通常碳足迹也极少。2014 年，3.5 亿处于极端贫困中的印度人所产生的碳排放量仅占到印度的十分之一，而让他们摆脱极端贫困也仅会让印度的排放量增加 4%。
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By contrast, if the world's top 50% of emitters halved their carbon footprints, total emissions would fall by 40%.
相比之下，如果世界碳排放量前 50% 的国家将它们的碳足迹减半，那么全球排放总量将会下降 40%。
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Although the burden of reducing carbon emissions will fall on all countries, the new research is a timely reminder to some governments that reducing poverty should not excuse their commitment to averting a climate disaster.
尽管所有国家都肩负减少碳排放量的重担，这项新的研究还是适时地提醒了某些政府：减少贫困并不意味着他们无需履行义务来防止气候灾难。
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主编：Hoby、阿翀
品控：木子
审核：Jack
重点词汇
compatible
/kəmˈpæt̬.ə.bəl/
adj. 兼顾的；兼容的
相关词汇：compare（v. 比较）
搭配短语：A is compatible with B
例句：This software is compatible with my computer.
例句：One's career is compatible with having a family.
emission
/iˈmɪʃ.ən/
n. 排放
相关词汇：mission（n. 任务）
相关词汇：emit（v. 发出声音、散发气味、排放气体）
搭配短语：emit a sound/a smell/gas
词根词缀：-sion（构成名词）
halve
/hæv/
v. 把……减半
相关词汇：half（n. 一半）
例句：Exercising can halve the risk of cancer.
eradicate
/ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt/
v. 根除
词根词缀：e-（out，出去）
词根词缀：radix（root，根）
英文释义：pull up by the roots, get rid of something completely
搭配短语：eradicate the violence
近义词：put an end to sth.
搭配短语：put an end to the violence
eliminate
/iˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/
v. 消除，根除
近义词：eradicate
imperil
/ɪmˈper.əl/
v. 使……陷入危险
近义词：endanger
例句：Drunk driving imperils the lives of road users.
mitigate
/ˈmɪt̬.ə.ɡeɪt/
v. 减轻，缓解
英文释义：to make a situation less harmful
搭配短语：mitigate damage
compile
/kəmˈpaɪl/
v. 汇总，编纂
词根词缀：com-（with，together）
相关词汇：community（n. 社区，社群）
相关词汇：combination（n. 结合，联合）
相关词汇：pile（n. 一堆，一叠）
搭配短语：compile a book/a report
comprehensive
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/
adj. 全面的，详尽的
英文释义：including all the details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned
搭配短语：a comprehensive guide to university courses
搭配短语：a comprehensive training
搭配短语：comprehensive figures
distribution
/ˌdɪs.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/
n. 分配，分布
搭配短语：a more equitable distribution of wealth
consumption
/kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/
n. 消耗；吃，喝；消费
相关词汇：consume（v. 消费；消耗；摄入）
例句：People consume a good deal of sugar in drinks.
account for
构成数量、比例
例句：Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.
inequality
/ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑː.lə.t̬i/
n. 不平等
相关词汇：equal（adj. 平等的）
词根词缀：in-（不）
搭配短语：racial inequality
typically
/ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/
adv. 典型地
相关词汇：typical（adj. 典型的，有代表性的）
搭配短语：a typical British weather
搭配短语：a typical workday
Lift
/lɪft/
v. 脱离；举起，抬起
英文释义：move something upwards
搭配短语：lift the phone
搭配短语：lift sb. out of poverty
timely
/ˈtaɪm.li/
adj. 及时的，适时的
相关词汇：time（n. 时间；合适的时候，最佳时机）
搭配短语：timely reminder
excuse
/ɪkˈskjuːz/
v. 免除责任、义务；原谅；为……辩解
搭配短语：excuse me
搭配短语：excuse sth.
例句：Please excuse the mess.
搭配短语：A excuses B
例句：Nothing can excuse such rudeness.
搭配短语：sb. be excused from sth.
例句：Can I be excused from work today? I have a cold.
avert
/əˈvɝːt/
v. 避免，防止
近义词：prevent
