杨守敬书法:书道无妨学 高风不可攀
杨守敬(1839年5月27日—1915年1月9日),湖北宜都县(现宜都市)陆城镇人,谱名开科,榜名恺,更名守敬,号惺吾、星吾、心物,晚年因在湖北黄州苏东坡雪堂旁筑书楼,故自号“邻苏老人”,自署恪郦主人、观海道人等。清末民初杰出的历史地理学家、金石文字学家、目录版本学家、书法家、泉币学家、藏书家 。
杨守敬一生勤奋治学,博闻强记,以长于考证著名于世,是一位集舆地、金石、书法、泉币、藏书以及碑版目录学之大成于一身的大学者。原湖北省文史馆副馆长朱士嘉先生评价说:“盖近百年来治历史地理者无能出其右焉。”杨守敬的《舆地学》与王念孙、段玉裁的《小学》和李善兰的《算学》一起被誉为清代“三绝学”。他还编绘了《历代舆地沿革图》、《历代舆地沿革险要图》和《水经注图》等。他一生著述达83种之多,被誉为“晚清民初学者第一人”,代表作《水经注疏》,是郦学史上的一座丰碑。杨守敬的书法在其众多的成就中,也许并非首位,但这丝毫不影响其在中国书法史上“亦足睥睨一世,高居上座”(虞逸夫)的地位。在日本,他被誉为“日本书道近代化之父”、“近代日本书道之祖”、“日本书道的大恩人”。
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水野疏梅(1864—1921),名元支,疏梅为其号,日本福冈人。自宣统二年(1910,)来华,经王一亭介绍,先从吴昌硕学习中国画,后于杨守敬门下学习书法,回日后凭借所学声名大噪。
杨守敬研究专家,杨守敬族玄孙杨世灿,在三峡晚报上,有文记载:九月初,日本水野疏梅来拜谒楊守敬,愿为弟子,求金石之学。以诗赠杨守敬,其词曰:“钦仰风容玉样温,胸无城府共谈论。夏彝周鼎精稽古,秦碣汉碑远溯源。介绍一生翰墨妙,奇书万卷草堂尊。殷勤向我传心画,正是深高海岳恩。”并叙云“辛亥九月,我将航于清国,到鄂垣从杨惺吾先生学书法。友人谓武汉战争方烈,甚为危险,力止我行,我不以为意。及开行入沪,忽闻杨先生避兵来此。欣然晋谒,请受业于门。先生以老辞,既而悯余好学之忱,许之。尔来日日亲炙,猥蒙殷勤垂训,感荷何极!爰呈俚语,以鸣谢悃。”
杨守敬赞其好学精神,说其人渠居高昌庙东亚同文社中,去其寓所十余里,须步行数里,又搭电车二次方到。并说“盖其寒士,每日饮食仍其友人安河内担任。”为照顾水野疏梅,杨守敬安排两孙学日语,而留其在杨家午餐。水野疏梅还向杨守敬索诗,杨以“素不能韵语辞之”而甘君之高谊,及寺西之关注,不可不记之以示子孙,乃口占云:“七十老翁遭乱离,一家分离各东西。毕竟秦人多幸福,行行觅得武陵溪。奇书万卷冠群伦,爱惜殷勤到外人。遥望烟雾迷濛里,呵护犹当有鬼神。”
十月,杨守敬应水野疏梅之请,作《学书迩言》。杂评碑帖及诸家书法。岁暮,水野疏梅回日本,杨守敬以草稿付之。其序云:“辛亥八月,武昌事起,余避兵上海虹口,有日本水野元直,自福冈来,欲从余受金石。余以老髦,且遭乱离,辞之。而元直执意不回,坚欲拜门下。时元直寓高昌庙,依其友人于同文书院,每日往返二十余里,无间风雨,不惮跋涉之劳。余悯其诚,许之,商量四阅月而归,余为作《学书迩言》授之,书此以为执证。”其后记云:“为《学书迩言》,幽忧积月,遂不能成寐,俯伏床褥,随忆随录,语无伦次,方冀病有间整理之,而水野疏梅归计已蹙,只得以草稿付之。水野携至日本,见余故旧,知余颓唐之状也。”11月,又应水野之请撰《邻苏老人年谱》,简述生平事略。
水野回国后,将此书译成日文刊行,由此在日本书道界名声鹊起,续有橱口铜牛注疏《学书迩言注疏》一书出版,杨守敬之名望继而更为日本人推崇备至。