(a40i)嵌入式Linux 看门狗使用
简介
嵌入式系统或设备中,如果发生故障(宕机),无法及时对故障作出反应。为了使系统在异常情况下能自动恢复,一般都会引入看门狗。
看门狗电路是一种电子计时器,其用于检测和恢复设备故障。当看门狗启动后,计数器开始自动计数,经过一定时间计数器溢出就会对CPU产生一个复位信号使系统重启。系统正常运行时,需要在看门狗允许的时间间隔内对看门狗计数器清零也即喂狗,不让复位信号产生。
看门狗是 Linux 系统一个重要的机制,其目的是监测系统运行的情况,一旦出现锁死,死机的情况,能及时重启设备。
开发环境介绍
- 主机操作系统:Ubuntu14.04 64位
- 目标平台:A40I (ARM Cortex-A7)
- 交叉工具链:arm-linux-gnueabi,gcc5.3.1
- 内核版本:3.10
使能看门狗驱动
Step1. start the Linux Kernel Configuration tool:
make ARCH=arm menuconfig
Step2. Select Device Drivers from the main menu.
...
Device Drivers --->
File systems --->
...
Step3. Select Watchdog Timer Support as shown here:
...
[*] Watchdog Timer Support --->
Sonics Silicon Backplane --->
...
Step4. Select SUNXI Watchdog as shown here:
--- Watchdog Timer Support
[*] WatchDog Timer Driver Core
[*] Disable watchdog shutdown on close
< > Software watchdog
<*> SUNXI Watchdog
[Disable watchdog shutdown on close]选项:当编译内核的时候这个选项被设置为Y,则一旦watchdog被启动,则将没有办法能够停止。这样,则当watchdog守护进程崩溃的时候,系统仍将在超时后重启。
Step5. 添加设备树节点
wdt: watchdog@01c20ca0 {
compatible = "allwinner,sun4i-wdt";
reg = <0x0 0x01c20c90 0 0x18>;
};
compatible属性需要根据驱动中来:
static const struct of_device_id sunxi_wdt_dt_ids[] = {
{ .compatible = "allwinner,sun4i-wdt", .data = &sun4i_wdt_reg },
{ .compatible = "allwinner,sun6i-wdt", .data = &sun6i_wdt_reg },
{ .compatible = "allwinner,sun8i-wdt", .data = &sun6i_wdt_reg },
{ .compatible = "allwinner,sun50i-wdt", .data = &sun6i_wdt_reg },
{ /* sentinel */ }
};
应用测试
通常一个用户空间守护进程会在正常的时间间隔内通过/dev/watchdog特殊设备文件来通知内核的watchdog驱动,用户空间仍然正常。当这样的一个通知发生时,驱动通常会告诉硬件watchdog一切正常,然后watchdog应该再等待一段时间来复位系统。如果用户空间出问题(RAM错误,内核bug等),则通知将会停止,然后硬件watchdog将在超时后复位系统。
所有的设备驱动都支持的基本的操作模式,一旦/dev/watchdog被打开,则watchdog激活,并且除非喂狗,否则将在一段时间之后重启,这个时间被称为timeout或margin。最简单的喂狗方法就是写一些数据到设备。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/watchdog.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#define WATCHDOGDEV "/dev/watchdog0"
#define MIN_TIMEOUT 1 //(in secs)
#define MAX_TIMEOUT 16 //(in secs)
#define MIN_SLEEP 1 //(in secs)
#define IN_RANGE(val, max, min) \
((val) < (min) ? (min) : ((val) > (max) ? (max) : (val)))
void print_usage(FILE * stream, const char *app_name, int exit_code);
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
int fd = -1; /* File handler for watchdog */
int timeout; /* Watchdog timeout interval (in secs) */
int sleep_sec; /* Feed the dog time(in secs) */
int mode = 0; /* Feed the dog way */
if (argc < 3) {
print_usage(stdout, argv[0], EXIT_FAILURE);
return 1;
}
timeout = IN_RANGE(atoi(argv[1]), MAX_TIMEOUT, MIN_TIMEOUT);
sleep_sec = IN_RANGE(atoi(argv[2]), INT_MAX, MIN_SLEEP);
mode = atoi(argv[3]);
printf("Starting wdt_driver (timeout: %d, sleep: %d, mode: %s)\n",
timeout, sleep_sec, (mode == 0) ? "ioctl" : "write");
/*打开设备文件*/
fd = open(WATCHDOGDEV, O_WRONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
perror("watchdog");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Trying to set timeout value=%d seconds\n", timeout);
ioctl(fd, WDIOC_SETTIMEOUT, &timeout);
printf("The actual timeout was set to %d seconds\n", timeout);
ioctl(fd, WDIOC_GETTIMEOUT, &timeout);
printf("Now reading back -- The timeout is %d seconds\n", timeout);
while (1)
{
if ( 0==mode ) {
//使用ioctl()方法喂狗
ioctl(fd, WDIOC_KEEPALIVE, 0);
} else {
//使用write()方法喂狗
write(fd, "\0", 1);
}
sleep(sleep_sec);
}
return 0;
}
void print_usage(FILE * stream, const char *app_name, int exit_code)
{
fprintf(stream, "Usage: %s <timeout> <sleep> <mode> \n", app_name);
fprintf(stream,
" timeout: value in seconds to cause wdt timeout/reset.\n"
" sleep : value in seconds to service the wdt.\n"
" mode : 0 - Service wdt with ioctl(), 1 - with write() \n"
" The default device file is '/dev/watchdog0'\n");
exit(exit_code);
}
备注:应用层上,dev/watchdog 下会有watchdog 和 watchdog0;代表的是同一个硬件,即使他们的字符设备的major和minor 不一样。(之所以要注册/dev/watchog 是为来兼容老的接口)
参考:
https://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/AM335x_PSP_WDT_Driver_User_Guide
https://embeddedfreak.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/howto-use-linux-watchdog/