关于花生过敏的最新研究

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加拿大研究人员已经确定了一个与花生过敏有关的新基因，进一步证明基因在食物过敏过程中发挥重要作用。这一发现为未来的研究，改进诊断和新的治疗方案开辟了新途径。

Canadianresearchers have pinpointed a new gene associated with peanut allergy, offeringfurther evidence that genes play a role in the development of food allergiesand opening the door to future research, improved diagnostics and new treatmentoptions.

此前，基因c11orf30 / EMSY（EMSY）就已经被证实在其他与过敏相关的疾病的发病过程中发挥作用，如湿疹、哮喘和过敏性鼻炎。这项研究是第一个将EMSY基因与食物过敏联系起来的研究。这些研究结果表明该基因不仅在食物过敏的发病过程中起着重要的作用，而且也是过敏性体质的重要影响因。这一研究结果今天刚刚发表在《过敏和临床免疫学杂志》上。

Thegene, called c11orf30/EMSY (EMSY), is already known to play a role in otherallergy-related conditions, such as eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Thisstudy is the first to associate the EMSY locus with food allergy, and thesefindings suggest that the gene plays an important role in the development ofnot just food allergy but also general allergic predisposition. The findingswere published today in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

该研究由AllerGen研究所研究员Denise Daley和Ann Clarke主持。Denise Daley博士是不列颠哥伦比亚大学副教授，同时也是温哥华圣保罗医院心脏肺创新中心的研究员；Ann Clarke是卡尔加里大学教授，卡姆加里康明医学院教授， 麦吉尔大学兼职教授。

AllerGenresearchers Drs Denise Daley (Associate Professor, The University of BritishColumbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver,BC) and Ann Clarke (Professor, University of Calgary, Cumming School ofMedicine, Calgary, AB; Adjunct Professor, McGill University, Montreal, QC) ledthe research

“食物过敏是遗传和环境因素的共同作用的结果，但是关于这种病症的遗传基础的数据少得可怜，”Daley博士指出。Daley博士是圣保罗医院常见复杂疾病的遗传流行病学第二阶段研究主席。他同时指出“发现这种遗传链接使我们更了解食物过敏的原因，这将帮助医生提前识别面临食物过敏风险的儿童。”

"Foodallergy is the result of both genetic and environmental factors, but there aresurprisingly few data regarding the genetic basis of this condition," saysDr. Daley, a Tier II Canada Research Chair at St. Paul's in the geneticepidemiology of common complex diseases. "The discovery of this geneticlink gives us a fuller picture of the causes of food allergies, and this couldeventually help doctors identify children at risk."

花生过敏在早期生长发育，很少发病。加拿大大约有百分之一的成年人，百分之二到百分之三十的儿童可能会受到花生过敏的影响，其症状有可能比较严重，甚至危及生命。

Peanutallergy develops in early life and is rarely outgrown. Roughly one per cent ofCanadian adults and between two and three per cent of Canadian children areaffected, and the symptoms can be severe and even life threatening.

研究人员从加拿大花生过敏登记（CanPAR）招募了850名具有花生过敏现象的志愿者，分析了他们的DNA，同时也分析了将近1000名没有花生过敏的志愿者的DNA。该小组通过全基因组关联研究（GWAS）扫描了超过750万个DNA的遗传标记，研究哪些基因可能增加食物过敏风险。该小组还分析了来自美国、澳大利亚、德国和荷兰的六项遗传基因研究的结果。

Fortheir study, the researchers analyzed DNA from 850 individuals with a peanutallergy recruited from the Canadian Peanut Allergy Registry (CanPAR) and nearly1,000 individuals without a peanut allergy. The team scanned over 7.5 milliongenetic markers across the DNA through a genome-wide association study (GWAS)searching for clues as to which genes might contribute to an increased risk ofdeveloping food allergies. The team also analyzed results from six othergenetic studies from American, Australian, German and Dutch populations.

他们发现EMSY与花生过敏和食物过敏风险增加有关，另有五个基因位点也被怀疑涉及。

Whatthey found was that EMSY was associated with an increased risk of both peanutallergy and food allergy, and five other gene locations are also suspected tobe involved.

AllerGen研究员员和女王大学助理教授Yuka Asai博士，与不列颠哥伦比亚大学博士后研究员Allida Gen的学员Aida Eslami博士是本文的共同作者。

Dr.Yuka Asai, an AllerGen investigator and Assistant Professor at Queen'sUniversity, and AllerGen trainee Dr. Aida Eslami, a postdoctoral fellow at TheUniversity of British Columbia, were co-first authors on the paper.

Asai博士说：“我们的团队以前发表的研究结果表明，丝胶蛋白基因缺陷会增加儿童对花生过敏的风险。”然而，她也指出，丝胶蛋白基因的突变仅存在于20％的过敏性病例中，这意味着“这项GWAS研究对于后续特定基因机制的研究至关重要。”

"Ourteam had previously published findings that a defect in the filaggrin gene canincrease the risk of a child developing an allergy to peanuts," says Dr.Asai. Yet, mutations in the filaggrin gene were only present in 20 per cent ofthe allergic cases, she points out, which means that "this GWAS study wascritical to shedding more light on the specific gene mechanisms at play."

“研发食物过敏的新型治疗方法的途径之一就是确定我们需要靶向的具体基因和路径。” Eslami博士补充说，“这些结果表明，EMSY将来可能成为预测和管理食物过敏治疗的有用目标。”

"Oneof the hurdles in developing new treatments for food allergies is identifyingthe specific genes and pathways we need to target," adds Dr. Eslami."These results suggest that EMSY could be a useful target for predictingand managing food allergy treatments in the future."

翻译：NICOLE

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