Notes on English Grammar: Adject

2023-09-21  本文已影响0人  述而斋

1.形容词的位置

(1) 定语形容词一般 置于它所修饰的名词之前。例如:
an expensive car (昂贵的汽车)
the blue sky (蓝天)
如果名词前有两个或两以上的形容词,意义上和它关系最密切的一个置于紧靠的位置。例如:
a dirty old dress (肮脏的旧女衣)
a tall young man (高个子年轻人)
(2) 定语形容词修饰代词时,放在代词之后。 例如:
Is there anything new in his paper? (他的论文有什么新内容?)
I'll tell you something very important. (我要告诉你一件非常重要的事。)
(3) 表语形容词放在动词之后。例如:
You look tired. (你看上去累了。)
The dog was hungry. (狗饿了。)

2.形容词的比较

(1) 单音节形容词在原级形容词的词尾加 er 构成比较级,加 est 构成最高级。以单辅音字母结尾,而这个辅音字母之前又为元音的形容词,在构成比较级和最高级时,应重复词尾的辅音字母。例如:

原级 比较级 最高级
small smaller smallest
clean cleaner cleanest
fast faster fastest
big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest

(2)双音节形容词的比较级和最高级有两种形式:
① 词尾加 er 构成比较级,加 est 构成最高级。 以 -y 结尾的形容词在加 -er和 - est 之前,应把 y 改成 i 。 例如:

原级 比较级 最高级
silly sillier silliest
pretty prettier prettiest
clever cleverer cleverest
simple simpler simplest

②在原级形容词前加 more 和 most 。 例如:

原级 比较级 最高级
careful more careful most careful
certain more certain most certain
decent more decent most decent

(3)多音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在原级形容词前加 more 和 most 而构成。例如:

原级 比较级 最高级
expensive more expensive most expensive
colourful more colourful most colourful
interesting more interesting most interesting

(4) 不规则形容词

原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
many; much more most
little less least
far farther; further farthest; furthest
old (older); elder (oldest); eldest

3. 形容词比较结构的运用

(1) than
You're older than I am. 或: You' re older than me.(你比我年纪大。)
He's taller than she is. 或:He's taller than her. (他个儿比她高。)
(2) as … as
You're as old as I am. 或:You're as old as me. (你和我同年。)
He's as clever as she is. 或:He's as clever as her. (他跟她一样聪明。)
She's not as(或 so ) clever as he is. 或: She's not as(或 so ) clever as him. (她不如他聪明。)
(3) 用“ the … in ” 或 “the … of ” 结构表示最高级。 例如:
It's the highest building in the world. (这是世界上最高的建筑。)
Richard is the tallest of the three brothers. (理查德在三兄弟中个子最高。)
(4) 用“ the + 比较级…,the + 比较级”的结构表示平行比较。例如:
The more you eat, the fatter you get. (吃得越多,长得越胖。)
The warmer it is, the less you want to work. (天气越暖和,越不想工作。)
(5) 用“比较级 and 比较级”结构表示渐增。例如:
It's getting more and more difficult*. (情况越来越困难。)
The days are getting longer and longer. (白昼越来越长。)
He become less and less interested. (他越来越不感兴趣。)

4. 名词化的形容词

某些形容词与 the 连用,或为代表整个类别的名词。例如:
We should take care of the old(= old people )and the sick(= sike prople). (我们应该照顾老弱病残。)
He hated the rich (= rich people)and helped the poor (= poor people). (他憎恶富人,帮助穷人。)

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