vue

vue2父组件传递props异步数据到子组件的问题

2017-06-29  本文已影响0人  遇树淋疯
// asyncData为异步获取的数据,想传递给子组件使用
<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-data="asyncData"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncData: ''
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncData = 'async data'
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

子组件child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件{{childData}}
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childData'],
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
      console.log(this.childData) // 空值
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

上面按照这里的解析,子组件的html中的{{childData}}的值会随着父组件的值而改变,但是created里面的却不会发生改变(生命周期问题)

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncObject: ''
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
    <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
      console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

created里面的却不会发生改变, 子组件的html中的{{{childObject.items[0]}}的值虽然会随着父组件的值而改变,但是过程中会报错

// 首先传过来的是空,然后在异步刷新值,也开始时候childObject.items[0]等同于''.item[0]这样的操作,所以就会报下面的错
vue.esm.js?8910:434 [Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

针对二的解决方法:

// parent.vue
<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-object="asyncObject" v-if="flag"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncObject: '',
      flag: false
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
        this.flag = true
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件
    <!--不报错-->
    <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
      console.log(this.childObject)// Object {items: [1,2,3]}
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncObject: ''
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件<!--1-->
    <p>{{test}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
      test: ''
    }),
    watch: {
      'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
        this.test = n[0]
        this.updata()
      }
    },
    methods: {
      updata () { // 既然created只会执行一次,但是又想监听改变的值做其他事情的话,只能搬到这里咯
        console.log(this.test)// 1
      }
    }
  }
</script>

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncObject: undefined
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件<!--这里很常见的一个问题,就是{{childObject}}可以获取且没有报错,但是{{childObject.items[0]}}不行,往往有个疑问为什么前面获取到值,后面获取不到呢?-->
    <p>{{test}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
      test: ''
    }),
    watch: {
      'childObject.items': function (n, o) {
        this._test = n[0]
      }
    },
    computed: {
      _test: {
        set (value) {
          this.update()
          this.test = value
        },
        get () {
          return this.test
        }
      }
    },
    methods: {
      update () {
        console.log(this.childObject) // {items: [1,2,3]}
      }
    }
  }
</script>

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        // 触发子组件,并且传递数据过去
        this.$bus.emit('triggerChild', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件
    <p>{{test}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
      test: ''
    }),
    created () {
      // 绑定
      this.$bus.on('triggerChild', (parmas) => {
        this.test = parmas.items[0] // 1
        this.updata()
      })
    },
    methods: {
      updata () {
        console.log(this.test) // 1
      }
    }
  }
</script>

这里使用了bus这个库,parent.vue和child.vue必须公用一个事件总线(也就是要引入同一个js,这个js定义了一个类似let bus = new Vue()的东西供这两个组件连接),才能相互触发

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child :child-object="asyncObject"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      asyncObject: undefined // 这里使用null反而报0的错
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
    },
    mounted () {
      // setTimeout模拟异步数据
      setTimeout(() => {
        this.asyncObject = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
        console.log('parent finish')
      }, 2000)
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件<!--1-->
    <p>{{childObject.items[0]}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: {
      childObject: {
        type: Object,
        default () {
          return {
            items: ''
          }
        }
      }
    },
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
      console.log(this.childObject) // {item: ''}
    }
  }
</script>

在说用vuex解决方法的时候,首先看看案例三

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import VueBus from 'vue-bus'
import index from './index.js'
Vue.use(VueBus)

Vue.config.productionTip = false
import Vuex from 'vuex'
Vue.use(Vuex)
const store = new Vuex.Store({
  modules: {
    index
  }
})
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  store,
  router,
  template: '<App/>',
  components: { App }
})

index.js

const state = {
  asyncData: ''
}

const actions = {
  asyncAction ({ commit }) {
    setTimeout(() => {
      commit('asyncMutation')
    }, 2000)
  }
}
const getters = {
}

const mutations = {
  asyncMutation (state) {
    state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}
  }
}

export default {
  state,
  actions,
  getters,
  mutations
}

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
      this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
    },
    mounted () {
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件
    <p>{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

{{$store.state.index.asyncData.items[0]}}可以取到改变的值,但是过程中还是出现这样的报错,原因同上

[Vue warn]: Error in render function: "TypeError: Cannot read property '0' of undefined"

所以这里的解决方法是:vuex结合computed、mapState或者合computed、mapGetters

parent.vue

<template>
  <div>
    父组件
    <child></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import child from './child'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
    }),
    components: {
      child
    },
    created () {
      this.$store.dispatch('asyncAction')
    },
    mounted () {
    }
  }
</script>

child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    子组件
    <p>{{item0}}</p>
    <p>{{item}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  import { mapState, mapGetters } from 'vuex'
  export default {
    data: () => ({
      test: ''
    }),
    computed: {
      ...mapGetters({
        item: 'getAsyncData'
      }),
      ...mapState({
        item0: state => state.index.asyncData
      })
    },
    created () {
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

index.js

const state = {
  asyncData: ''
}

const actions = {
  asyncAction ({ commit }) {
    setTimeout(() => {
      commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})// 作为参数,去调用mutations中的asyncMutation方法来对state改变
    }, 2000)
  }
}
const getters = {
  getAsyncData: state => state.asyncData
}

const mutations = {
  asyncMutation (state, params) {
    state.asyncData = params.items[0] // 此时params={'items': [1, 2, 3]}被传过来赋值给asyncData,来同步更新asyncData的值,这样html就可以拿到asyncData.items[0]这样的值了
  }
}

export default {
  state,
  actions,
  getters,
  mutations
}

注意上面的

....
commit('asyncMutation', {'items': [1, 2, 3]})
...
state.asyncData = params.items[0]

如果写成这样的话

commit('asyncMutation')
state.asyncData = {'items': [1, 2, 3]}

首先asyncAction是个异步的操作,所以asyncData默认值为空,那么还是导致,child.vue这里报0的错

<template>
  <div>
    子组件
    <p>{{item0}}</p>
    <p>{{item}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

不过根据以上的案例,得出来一个问题就是异步更新值的问题,就是说开始的时候有个默认值,这个默认值会被异步数据改变,比如说这个异步数据返回的object,如果你用props的方式去传递这个数据,其实第一次传递的空值,第二次传递的是更新后的值,所以就出现{{childObject.items[0]}}类似这种取不到值的问题,既然说第一次是空值,它会这样处理''.items[0],那么我们是不是可以在html判断这个是不是空(或者在computed来判断是否为默认值),所以把案例二的child.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <p>{{childObject != '' ? childObject.items[0]: ''}}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    props: ['childObject'],
    data: () => ({
    }),
    created () {
      console.log(this.childObject) // 空值
    },
    methods: {
    }
  }
</script>

这样是可以通过不报错的,就是created是空值,猜想上面vuex去stroe也可以也可以这样做

测试环境:vue v2.3.3, vue v2.3.1

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读