【Randy & PET】 The Present Perfec

1.现在完成时的基本用法

现在完成时表示一件已发生的事，这事往往与现在情况有联系

• I've lost my key.我的钥匙丢了。（因此无法进屋）
• She's gone to town.她进城去了。（现在在城里）
• I've got a letter from my aunt.我收到姨母一封信。（因此知道她的近况）
• The lift has broken down.电梯坏了。（因此我们得爬楼梯）
• Peter has had a bad car crash.彼得出了严重车祸。（可能送医院了）
• I've washed my car.我洗过车了。（因此很干净）
• He hasn't come back yet.他还没回来。（我们还在等他）
• Have you had your supper yet？——Yes, I have.你吃晚饭了吗？——吃过了。（不饿了）

常可和just，already，yet，recently，over这类副词连用：

• He's just left.他刚走。
• Has he phoned you yet？——No, not yet.他给你打电话了吗？——还没有。
• Jane has rung me up three times this morning already.简今天早上已给我打过三次电话。
• The rain has already stopped.雨已经停了。
• Have you ever talked to him about it?你曾和他谈过这事吗？
• Have you seen Lewes recently?你最近见到过路易斯吗？
• I have never broken my word.我从未违背过自己的诺言。
• He still hasn't finished his work.他的工作还没干完。
• There have been some changes lately.近来有些变化。

也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用

• How many letters have you received this week?这星期你收到多少封信？
• They have turned out over1,000 cars this month.这个月他们生产了一千多辆汽车。
• He has made several trips to Paris this year.今年他去过几趟巴黎。
• I've seen little of her in the past few years.过去几年中我很少见到她。
• So far he has done very well at school.到现在为止他在学校表现很好。
• Up to now,the work has been easy.到现在为止，这工作还算容易。

还常和for及since引导的状语或与how long连用

• I haven't seen you for ages.我好久没见到你了。
• He hasn't cleaned his room for months.他有好几个月没打扫这房间了。
• We've lived here for over ten years.我们在这里住了十多年了。
• How long have you known her?你认识她多久了？

也常常单独使用不需任何状语

• She has found a new job.她找到了一份新工作。
• We've sent some people to help them.我们已派了几个人去帮助他们。
• We've put up thousands oft all buildings.我们盖起了数以千计的高楼。
• Which side has won?哪边赢了？
• They have taken the injured people to hospital.他们把伤者送进了医院。
• I'm sorry, I've broken your cup.对不起，我把你的杯子打破了。
• I wonder if she's got well.我不知道她是否已经痊愈。
• Who has taken my dictionary away?谁把我的字典拿走了？

2.现在完成时和一般过去时的比较

这两个时态都谈已发生的事，主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或是对现在有影响，或谈现在以前这一段时间里发生的事，而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有联系。因此凡是有过去时间状语时，只能用过去时

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有时同一个动作，根据具体情况，可能需用不同的时态

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3.特殊情况说明

3.1 have gone to和have been to

have gone to表示“到某地去了”，因此人还在那里：

• She has gone to live abroad.她到国外居住了。（她现在国外）
• The kids have gone to the zoo.孩子们到动物园去了。（他们在动物园）
• Where has Mary gone?玛丽到哪里去了？（她在哪里？）

have been（to）表示“到（来）过某地”：

• Have you ever been to HongKong?你到过香港吗？
• I've been to Europe several times.我到欧洲去过几次。
• I've been to see my grand mother.我去看我奶奶了。（现已回来）
• She's been to do some shopping.她出去买东西了。

3.2 由since引导的从句中的时态

由since引导的从句一般用过去时（主句谓语用现在完成时）

• We've been friend sever since we met at school.自在学校相遇以来，我们一直是朋友。
• Much has changed since I was there last time.自我上次到那里之后发生了许多变化。

当表示“有多少时间”时，主句谓语可用一般现在时：

• It's two years since I left home.我离家已经两年了。
• How long is it since you came here last time?自你上次来这里之后已经多久了？

在从句中有时可用现在完成时，特别是动词为be时

• I have been terribly busy since I've been back.我回来之后一直忙得要命。
• She has seldom been out since she has been ill.她生病以来很少出去
• It's some time since I've wirtten to her.有相当时间我没给她写信了。

3.3 和time一道用的情况

• This(It) is the first time I have seen a pagoda.这是我首次看到宝塔
• It is only the second time he's been in a palace.这只是他第二次进皇宫
• That's the third time he's quarrelled with her in a week.这是一星期中他第三次和她吵架。