微服务 -实战系列

Hystrix——服务容错

2018-01-17  本文已影响1555人  JacobY

1 Hystrix 简介

在微服务架构中,微服务之间通过网络进行通信,存在相互依赖,当其中一个服务不可用时,有可能会造成雪崩效应。要防止这样的情况,必须要有容错机制来保护服务。
Hystrix是Netflix开源的一个延迟和容错库,它主要实现了以下几点:

2 整合Hystrix

2.1 Ribbon整合Hystrix

1.添加相应的依赖:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.在启动类里添加@EnableCircuitBreaker 或者 @EnableHystrix注解

@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RibbonDemoApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.为需要容错的方法添加@HystrixCommand注解,并使用fallbackMethod属性指定回退方法

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "errorFallback")
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {

        return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://eureka-client-demo/hello", String.class);
    }


    public String errorFallback() {
        return "Error!";
    }

@HystrixCommand的配置类似下面:

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "stubMyService",
    commandProperties = {
      @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.strategy", value="SEMAPHORE")
    }
)

2.2 Feign使用Hystrix

1.Spring Cloud 中,Feign默认已经整合了Hystrix,所以只需要在配置中启用Hystrix就会包裹全部Feign Client中的方法:

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

2.编写回退方法,编写一个Feign Client的实现类,在@FeignClient的fallback属性指定对应的类:

@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client-demo", fallback = ErrorFallback.class)
public interface DemoFeignClient {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello();
}


@Component
public class ErrorFallback implements DemoFeignClient {

    @Override
    public String hello() {
        return "Error!";
    }
}

3.如果需要回退方法打印错误信息,可以使用fallbackFactory(fallback和fallbackFactory只能使用其中一种):

@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client-demo", fallbackFactory = ErrorFallbackFactory.class)
public interface DemoFeignClient {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello();
}


@Component
public class ErrorFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<DemoFeignClient> {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ErrorFallbackFactory.class);

    @Override
    public DemoFeignClient create(Throwable throwable) {
        return new DemoFeignClient() {
            @Override
            public String hello() {
                //如果在create()中打印错误信息的话,在应用程序启动时就会打印
                ErrorFallbackFactory.LOGGER.info("fall back cause: ", throwable);
                return "Error!";
            }
        };
    }
}

4.如果不想某个Feign Client使用Hystrix的话,可以使用如下配置:

@FeignClient(name = "eureka-client-demo", configuration = DisableHystrix.class)
public interface DemoFeignClient {

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello();
}

@Configuration
public class DisableHystrix {

    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public Feign.Builder feignBuilder() {
        return Feign.builder();
    }
}

3 Hystrix监控

3.1 Ribbon中Hystrix的监控

Hystrix提供了端点/hystrix.stream用于监控Hystrix的情况,Ribbon在整合了Hystrix之后,还需要引入Spring Boot 的actuator依赖,才能通过/hystrix.stream监控接口运行情况。

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

/hystrix.stream的页面会返回类似下面的监控数据:

data: {"type":"HystrixCommand","name":"hello","group":"Controller","currentTime":1516202320578,"isCircuitBreakerOpen":false,"errorPercentage":100,"errorCount":1,"requestCount":1,"rollingCountBadRequests":0,"rollingCountCollapsedRequests":0,"rollingCountEmit":0,"rollingCountExceptionsThrown":0,"rollingCountFailure":1,"rollingCountFallbackEmit":0,"rollingCountFallbackFailure":0,"rollingCountFallbackMissing":0,"rollingCountFallbackRejection":0,"rollingCountFallbackSuccess":1,"rollingCountResponsesFromCache":0,"rollingCountSemaphoreRejected":0,"rollingCountShortCircuited":0,"rollingCountSuccess":0,"rollingCountThreadPoolRejected":0,"rollingCountTimeout":0,"currentConcurrentExecutionCount":0,"rollingMaxConcurrentExecutionCount":0,"latencyExecute_mean":0,"latencyExecute":{"0":0,"25":0,"50":0,"75":0,"90":0,"95":0,"99":0,"99.5":0,"100":0},"latencyTotal_mean":0,"latencyTotal":{"0":0,"25":0,"50":0,"75":0,"90":0,"95":0,"99":0,"99.5":0,"100":0},"propertyValue_circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold":20,"propertyValue_circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds":5000,"propertyValue_circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage":50,"propertyValue_circuitBreakerForceOpen":false,"propertyValue_circuitBreakerForceClosed":false,"propertyValue_circuitBreakerEnabled":true,"propertyValue_executionIsolationStrategy":"THREAD","propertyValue_executionIsolationThreadTimeoutInMilliseconds":1000,"propertyValue_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds":1000,"propertyValue_executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout":true,"propertyValue_executionIsolationThreadPoolKeyOverride":null,"propertyValue_executionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests":10,"propertyValue_fallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests":10,"propertyValue_metricsRollingStatisticalWindowInMilliseconds":10000,"propertyValue_requestCacheEnabled":true,"propertyValue_requestLogEnabled":true,"reportingHosts":1,"threadPool":"Controller"}

3.2 Feign中Hystrix的监控

1.虽然Feign整合了Hystrix,但是并没有整合到监控的模块,所以我们需要重新引入依赖包:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.在启动类添加@EnableCircuitBreaker或者@EnableHystrix注解

@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

然后就可以通过端点/hystrix.stream查看监控数据。

4 可视化监控

4.1 监控单个服务

可以使用hystrix-dashboard进行可视化监控:
1.创建一个新项目,并引入以下依赖:

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
  1. 在启动类加上@EnableHystrixDashboard注解
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication
public class HystrixDashboardApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboardApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.启动应用,打开/hystrix/端点,可以看到一下页面:

hystix-dashboard.PNG
往url栏输入/hystrix.stream的链接,如:http://localhost:8004/hystrix.stream,再点击Monitor Stream按钮,就可以看到如下图的页面:
hystix-dashboard-detail.PNG

4.2 监控多个服务

上面的方法只能监控单个服务,如果要监控多个服务,可以使用turbine,然后再使用hystrix-dashboard进行进行可视化监控。
1.新建一个项目,引入turbine的依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-turbine</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.在启动类添加@EnableTurbine注解

@EnableTurbine
@SpringBootApplication
public class TurbineApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TurbineApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3.配置文件:

server:
  port: 8006
spring:
  application:
    name: turbine
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true

turbine:
  app-config: feign-demo,ribbon-demo
  cluster-name-expression: "'default'"
  combine-host-port: true

4.启动应用,打开/turbine.stream端点即可以看到两者的监控数据。这个时候,再将turbine的监控数据接入hystrix-dashboard,比如,将url地址http://localhost:8006/turbine.stream填入dash-board的url一栏,再点击Monitor Stream按钮,就可以同时看到两个服务的监控数据。

4.3 使用消息中间件收集数据(RabbitMQ)

  1. 提供服务的微服务添加以下依赖:
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-hystrix-stream</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
  1. 添加RabbitMQ的配置:
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
  1. Turbine项目移除turbine的依赖并添加以下依赖:
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-turbine-stream</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
  1. 启动类中@EnableTurbine修改为@EnableTurbineStream
  2. 添加RabbitMQ的配置,同2,同时去掉turbine的配置。
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