Android Studio Gradle使用详解
转自：http://www.jianshu.com/p/02cb9a0eb2a0
build配置
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
}
}
Android脚本
applyplugin:'com.android.application'
Android配置
android {
compileSdkVersion22
buildToolsVersion"22.0.1"
}
项目结构
MyApp├──build.gradle├──settings.gradle└──app├──build.gradle├──build├──libs└──src└──main├──java│ └──com.package.myapp└──res├──drawable├──layout└──etc.
Gradle Wrapper结构（这些新建项目时都添加给了用户，不需要重新添加）
myapp/ ├── gradlew ├── gradlew.bat └── gradle/wrapper/ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar └── gradle-wrapper.properties
运行build任务 - 列出所有可用任务
$./gradlew tasks
生成App-debug.apk任务
$./gradlew assembleDebug# Apk路径: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk
手动导入Eclipse-Android项目（自动导入请连续点“下一步”）
在项目路径下创建build.gradle文件：
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
}
}
apply plugin:'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion22
buildToolsVersion"22.0.1"
sourceSets {
main {
manifest.srcFile'AndroidManifest.xml'
java.srcDirs = ['src']
resources.srcDirs = ['src']
aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
res.srcDirs = ['res']
assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
}
androidTest.setRoot('tests')
}
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir:'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}
PS也可以复制粘贴Eclipse-Android项目的源代码到Android Studio的项目里
Gradle所有文件结构
MyApp├──build.gradle├──settings.gradle└──app└──build.gradle
settings.gradle
include':app'
MyApp/build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
}
MyApp/app/build.gradle
applyplugin:'com.android.application'android { compileSdkVersion22
buildToolsVersion"22.0.1"
defaultConfig {
applicationId"com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted"
minSdkVersion14
targetSdkVersion22
versionCode1
versionName"1.0"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFilesgetDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
}
dependencies {
compilefileTree(dir:'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
}
基础任务
$./gradlew assemble -为所有构建类型创建apk$./gradlew check 运行所有的检查，比如说AndroidLint，如果发现问题可终止任务$./gradlew build 运行以上两个任务$./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk++++$./gradlew connectedCheck - 在设备上运行测试$./gradlew deviceCheck - 远程设备运行测试$./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在设备商安装指定版本$./gradlew uninstall - 卸载
Build Types不同版本的参数设置 - BuildConfig/Resource Value
android {
buildTypes {
debug { buildConfigField"String","API_URL","\\"http://test.example.com/api\\""buildConfigField"boolean","LOG_HTTP_CALLS","true"resValue"string","app_name","Example DEBUG"
}
release { buildConfigField"String","API_URL","\\"http://example.com/api\\""buildConfigField"boolean","LOG_HTTP_CALLS","false"resValue"string","app_name","Example"
}
}
}
全局设置（项目根目录的build.gradle）
allprojects {
apply plugin:'com.android.application'android {
compileSdkVersion22
buildToolsVersion"22.0.1"
}
}
设置全局参数
ext {
compileSdkVersion =22
buildToolsVersion ="22.0.1"
}
在MyApp/app/build.gradle里面使用参数
android{
compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
}
默认任务（MyApp/build.gradle）
defaultTasks'clean','assembleDebug'
仓库
预设配置仓库
repositories{
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
mavenLocal()
}
远程仓库
repositories { maven { url"http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2"credentials { username'user'password'secretpassword'} } ivy { url"http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo"}}
本地仓库
repositories { maven { url"../repo"}}
本地依赖
项目文件依赖
dependencies { compile fileTree(dir:'libs',include: ['*.jar'])}
原生库结构与配置
# 结构：app ├── AndroidManifest.xml └── jniLibs ├── armeabi │ └── nativelib.so ├── armeabi-v7a │ └── nativelib.so ├── mips │ └── nativelib.so └── x86 └── nativelib.so# 配置：android {sourceSets.main { jniLibs.srcDir'src/main/libs'}}
Libray项目
# 修改Android插件：apply plugin:'com.android.library'# settings.gradle新增libray项目：include':app',':library'# app内引用library项目：dependencies { compile project(':library')}
依赖概念
<待续>
Android Studio内添加依赖
<待续>
加速构建
在gradle.properties里面添加：org.gradle.parallel=true
单元测试
使用JUnit
# 结构：app└─── src├─── main│ ├─── java │ │ └─── com.example.app │ └───res └───test└─── java └─── com.example.app# 依赖：dependencies {testCompile'junit:junit:4.12'}
使用Robolectric
# 依赖：applyplugin:'org.robolectric'dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir:'libs',include:['*.jar'])
compile'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0
'testCompile'junit:junit:4.12'
testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0'
testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0'
}
# Demo：@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)@Config(manifest ="app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk =18)publicclassMainActivityTest{@Testpublic void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() {AppCompatActivityactivity =Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get();Buttonbutton = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button);TextViewtextView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label); button.performClick(); assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric))); } }
功能测试
使用Espresso
<待续>
测试覆盖度
使用Jacoco
<待续>
<待续>
<待续>
缩减apk文件大小
使用ProGuard
android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabledtrueproguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),'proguard-rules.pro'} } }
收缩资源文件 - 自动 （<手动待续>）
android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabledtrueshrinkResourcestrue} } }
加速构建
org.gradle.parallel=true# 并行构建org.gradle.daemon=true# 开启Gradle守护进程org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m# 配置JVM<参照下图>
使用Profiling
<待续>
使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)
<待续>
忽略Lint
android { lintOptions { abortOnErrorfalse}}
使用Ant
<待续>
app打包 - 进阶
分割apk
android { splits { density {enabletrueexclude'ldpi','mdpi'compatibleScreens'normal','large','xlarge'} } }生成结果：app-hdpi-release.apkapp-universal-release.apkapp-xhdpi-release.apkapp-xxhdpi-release.apkapp-xxxhdpi-release.apk
