0318.Reading notes《The Willpower

Chaptrer 4   下

● WHEN SIN LOOKS LIKE VIRTUE    当罪恶看起来像美德

● THE HALO EFFECT  光环效应

● MAGIC WORDS 神奇词语

● UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: ARE YOU HANDING OUT HALOS? 深入剖析：你正在被光环笼罩吗？

● A SHOPPER SEDUCED BY SAVINGS SPENDS MORE 省钱的念头诱惑了购物者

● THE RISKS OF GOING GREEN  环保的挑战

● UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE? 深入剖析：你认为你是谁？

● THE LAST WORD

►► words and phrases

（1）trap   [træp]

vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境

n. 陷阱；圈套；[建] 存水湾

vi. 设陷阱

eg:There's one last licensing trap we must learn to avoid.

还有一个我们必须学会去避免的“许可陷阱”。

（2）has to do with  与...有关

eg:It has to do with our deep desire.   它和我们深切的欲望有关。

（3）entree  ['ɑntre]

eg:IWe are having four courses: appetizers, salad, entree and dessert.

我们有四道菜：开胃菜、凉拌菜、主菜和甜品。

main dish   主菜、主碟、热菜、主食

eg:Yes, sir. What main dish would you like，sir?

好的，先生。你喜欢什么主菜?

（4）estimate  ['ɛstə,met]

vi. 估计，估价

n. 估计，估价；判断，看法

vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价

estimate for    对…估价、估计

cost estimate   成本估算，成本估计

by itself    自动地、独自地、单独地

underestimate   低估

eg:Researchers have found that if you pair a cheeseburger with a green salad, diners estimate that the meal has fewer calories than the same cheeseburger served by itself.

研究人员发现，如果把汉堡和沙拉一起端上来，客人会觉得汉堡比单独端上来的时候少了很多卡路里。

（4）make no sense   毫无意义

eg:Towels that hang there just to look pretty make no sense to me.

挂在那只是为了好看的毛巾对我来说没有任何意义。

（5）in terms of    依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词

The problem here is that when we think of food or products in terms of “good” and “bad,” we let a good feeling take the place of common sense.

当我们按照“好”和“坏”来界定食物或商品的时候，感觉良好会取代常识判断。

（6）get in the way  妨碍、 阻碍

     be consistent with  与一致和…符合

When a halo effect is getting in the way of your willpower challenge, look for a the most concrete measure (e.g., calories, cost, time spent or wasted) of whether a choice is consistent with your goals.

当光环效应影响到你的意志力挑战的时候，去寻找最具体的测量标准（例如，卡路里，花费，浪费的时间），看这些选择是否与目标一致。

（7）compete [kəm'pit]

vi. 竞争；比赛；对抗

过去式 competed，过去分词 competed，现在分词 competing

Compete Ability   竞争力

eg：Compete only with yourself.    只与自己竞争。

（8）organic  [ɔr'gænɪk]

adj. [有化] 有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的

Organic agriculture   有机农业

eg:The shop sells organic food. 这家商店出售有机食品

（9） tray [tre]

         n  盘子，托盘，文件盒

        a tray of food  一盘食物

（10）halo ['helo]  effect    晕轮效应,光环效应,成见效应

           Going Green     环保

►►Sentence

♬ （1）

Dieters—who in theory should be the most likely to know the calorie counts of foods—were the most susceptible to （易受...影响）the halo effect, taking 100 calories off their estimates when a salad was added.

从理论上说，节食者应该更清楚食物的卡路里含量，然而他们也是最容易受到光环效应影响的，当看到配菜是沙拉的时候，他们会低估100卡路里。

♬ （2）

Halo effects pop up（出现） all over the place, whenever something indulgent is paired with （be paired with  与...配对）something more virtuous. 

无论什么时候，只要使你放纵的东西和让你觉得品德高尚的东西同时出现。

♬ （3）

Do you give yourself permission to indulge in something by focusing on its most virtuous quality? Do you have any magic words that give you permission to indulge, like “Buy 1 Get 1 Free,” “All Natural,” “Light,” “Fair Trade,” “Organic,” or “For a Good Cause”? This week, see if you can catch yourself in the act of handing out a halo to something that undermines（暗中破坏） your goals.

你会不会因为关注一个食物最有益的品质，而允许自己沉溺于它？有没有什么“神奇词语”会给你放纵的许可？比如说“买一赠一”，“纯天然”，“清淡”，“公平贸易”，“有机”，“为了慈善”，这一周，看看你是否被那些破坏长远目标的光环所影响。

♬ （4）

Thinking in terms of “right” and “wrong” instead of remembering what we really want will trigger competing impulses and license self-sabotaging behavior.

如果只是按照“正确”和“错误”来判断做过的事，而不是记住我们真正想要的东西，这会引发和目标相抵触的冲动，并允许我们做出一些妨碍自己的行为。

►►Summary

The halo effect exists in our daily life.We often choose to judge others and things  by oneself with prejudice.We need to expand our perspective  in order to  get a comprehensive understanding of all things.

When we turn willpower challenges into measures of moral worth, being good gives us permission to be bad. For better self-control, forget virtue, and focus on goals and values.

Thanks for Everything!