dependencyManagement
dependencyManagement 和 dependencies 区别
dependencyManagement:
只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目需要显示的声明需要用的依赖。如果不在子项目中声明依赖,是不会从父项目中继承下来的;只有在子项目中写了该依赖项,并且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中继承该项,并且version和scope都读取自父pom;另外如果子项目中指定了版本号,那么会使用子项目中指定的jar版本
dependencies:
相对于dependencyManagement,所有生命在dependencies里的依赖都会自动引入,并默认被所有的子项目继承。
原来dependencyManagement 只是申明依赖,并不实现引入。问题就在这里了,把依赖放到dependencies里面
1.在同一个pom文件下,如果<dependencies>和<dependencyManagement>中都对该jar做了依赖,以<dependencies>的为准,优先级高于<dependencyManagement>。若前者没有对其依赖,而后者对其有依赖,则以后者为准。<dependencyManagement>里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入.
2.在不同的pom文件中,存在父子相互依赖关系的,父项目的pom中<dependencyManagement>中对该jar做了依赖,而子项目中<dependencies>又依赖了该jar,如果子项目中没有指定<version>和<scope>,则继承父项目中该jar的<version>和<scope>。如果子项目中指定了<version>和<scope>,以子项目的为准。
引入SpringBoot的两种方法
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<!-- Import dependency management from Spring Boot -->
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
demo0
简单分析一下,最外层是pf-login,下面有client、server、dao三个模块:
①、client模块用于注册服务,提供服务的调用接口,是调用login服务的入口。
②、server模块用于处理业务逻辑。
③、dao模块用于数据持久,和数据库打交道。
我们还可以加一些其他的模块,比如common,base之类的用来存放公共工具等等。
模块间的依赖关系:client 依赖 server ,server 依赖 dao。
1、pf-login的pom.xml(最外层,也是父目录)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
<fastjson-version>1.2.15</fastjson-version>
</properties>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>${fastjson-version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<modules>
<module>pf-login-client</module>
<module>pf-login-dao</module>
<module>pf-login-server</module>
</modules>
</project>
所有关于pf-login模块的依赖都统一写在了这里 ,为了方便管理和避免重复依赖。与之前略有不同的是,我们加入了数据库的依赖组件,jpa和mysql。
我们也注意到了pom中引入了阿里巴巴的fastjson,这个与其他依赖写法不同,也就 证明SpringBoot是支持第三方依赖,也支持自定义依赖的。
<modules>是多模块项目的关键,模块简的关系正是通过父pom添加<modules>,子pom添加<parent>来建立的。
2、pf-login-client的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>pf-login-client</artifactId>
<name>pf-login-client</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login-server</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
上面我们设计了client 依赖 server,所以pom中添加了对 server的dependency。
3、pf-login-server的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>pf-login-server</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login-dao</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4、pf-login-dao的pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>cn.pw</groupId>
<artifactId>pf-login</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>pf-login-dao</artifactId>
</project>
demo1
parent
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>demo-parent</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<!-- 删除 -->
<!--<parent>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>-->
<!--<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>-->
<!--<relativePath/> <!– lookup parent from repository –>-->
<!--</parent>-->
<modules>
<module>demo-apply</module>
<module>demo-common</module>
<module>demo-static</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<!--
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
children
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>demo-apply</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>demo-apply</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath><!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<dependencies>
<!-- 加入其余模块的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>demo-static</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<type>war</type>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<!-- 当所依赖的其他模块,有启动类的时候,需要以下配置,指定唯一启动类,
本次事例未涉及其他模块有启动类,可自行测试 -->
<configuration>
<!-- 指定该Main Class为全局的唯一入口 -->
<mainClass>com.demo.demoapply.DemoApplyApplication</mainClass>
<layout>ZIP</layout>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal><!--可以把依赖的包都打包到生成的Jar包中-->
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
demo2
当我们的项目模块很多的时候,我们使用Maven管理项目非常方便,帮助我们管理构建、文档、报告、依赖、scms、发布、分发的方法。可以方便的编译代码、进行依赖管理、管理二进制库等等。
由于我们的模块很多,所以我们又抽象了一层,如下图抽出一个femicro来管理子项目的公共的依赖。为了项目的正确运行,必须让所有的子项目使用依赖项的统一版本,必须确保应用的各个项目的依赖项和版本一致,才能保证测试的和发布的是相同的结果。
在我们项目顶层的POM文件中,我们会看到dependencyManagement元素。通过它元素来管理jar包的版本,让子项目中引用一个依赖而不用显示的列出版本号。Maven会沿着父子层次向上走,直到找到一个拥有dependencyManagement元素的项目,然后它就会使用在这个dependencyManagement元素中指定的版本号。
本项目中,父类 femicro pom中dependencyManagement配置
<!--依赖管理,用于管理spring-cloud的依赖-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M8</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.33</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.11</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>io.fredia</groupId>
<artifactId>femicro</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>femicro-cache</artifactId>
<name>femicro-cache</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/log4j-over-slf4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.7</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>