1.安装软件

VMware搭建虚拟环境

安装依赖(提供的系统安装包内已经准备好)
安装python-pip（pip是一个专门管理python包的工具，它可以快速安装、卸载python的包）

• virtualenv+virtualenvwrapper(python系统环境管理工具)
• django1.11

2.Xshell 连接linux
安装django 1.11
pip install django==1.11 django==1.11 -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

3.pychan 连接Linux

4.开始运行项目

#创建项目：
django-admin startproject Myreport

#创建APP
python manage.py startapp hello

#运行
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080 

如果连接不上，应该是防火墙的问题

查看防火墙状态：
firewall-cmd --state

停止firewall
systemctl stop firewalld.service

启动firewall
systemctl start firewalld.service

禁止firewall开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service 

5.urls 和views

# urls
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from hello import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^hello/', views.Hello.as_view())
]


#views
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.views import View
from django.http import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.

class Hello(View):
    def get(self,request):
        mess = "hello zzz"
        return HttpResponse(mess)

打开结果如下：

image.png

URL

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.ArticlesYear.as_view()),                #普通用法

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.ArticlesMonth.as_view()),        # 单个非命名参数

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.ArticlesActive.as_view()),

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]+)/$', views.ArticlesAll.as_view()),

]


from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.ArticlesYear.as_view()),

    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$', views.ArticlesMonth.as_view() ),

    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.ArticlesActive.as_view()),

    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.ArticlesAll.as_view()),

]

普通视图的写法和URL写法

#URL
url(r'^hello/$', views.Hello.as_view()),
url(r'^hello/[0-9]{4}/$', views.Hello.as_view()),

#view
class Hello(View):
    def get(self,request):
        mess = "hello zzz"
        return HttpResponse(mess)

非命名URL写法

#url
url(r'^hello2/([0-9]{4})/$', views.Hello2.as_view()),
url(r'^hello2/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.Hello3.as_view()),

#view
class Hello2(View):
    def get(self,request,year):
        mess = "hello zzz\t" + year
        return HttpResponse(mess)

class Hello3(View):
    def get(self,request,year,month):
        mess = "hello zzz\t%s\t%s" %(year,month)
        return HttpResponse(mess)

命名URL写法

url(r'^hello4/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.Hello4.as_view()),

class Hello4(View):
    def get(self,request,year,month):
        mess = "hello zzz\t%s\t%s" %(year,month)
        return HttpResponse(mess)

#这样写OK:
def get(self,request,year,month):
def get(self,request,year=1,month=1):
def get(self,request,year,month=1):

#这样写不行
def get(self,request,year=1,month):

url分组，便于管理

from django.conf.urls import url, include
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # namespace只有在有多个include时，才需要
    # namespace 与name的设置规则一样，同一级别，名称需要保持唯一
    url(r'^hello/', include("hello.urls", namespace="hello")),

]


#另一个urls
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^login123/$', views.Hello.as_view(), name="login"),
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', views.Hello.as_view()), # 普通url写法
    url(r'^articles/[a-z]{4}/$', views.Hello.as_view()), # 普通url 带正则写法
    url(r'^articles/(abcd)', views.Hello1.as_view()),
    # url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.Hello1.as_view()), # 单个带非命名参数的写法,
    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})/$', views.Hello2.as_view(), name="articles"), # 多个带非命名参数的写法
    url(r'^hello3/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/', views.Hello3.as_view(), name="hello3"), #单个命名参数
    url(r'^hello5/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/', views.Hello5.as_view()), #多个命名参数
    url(r'^hello4/(?P<year>[a-z]{4})/', views.hello4), #单个命名参数
    url(r'^error500/$',views.Error500.as_view()),
    url(r"redirct/(?P<year>[0-9]{1})/", views.RedicectPage.as_view())
]

URL 的反向解析

#在views 添加
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

url(r'^login/$', views.Login.as_view(), name = "login"),

class RedicectPage(View):
    def get(self, request,year):
        if year == '1':
            return redirect("/hello/hello")  #OK
            return redirect("login")            #OK
            return redirect(reverse("login")) #OK
        else:
            return HttpResponse("登陆成功")


class RedicectPage(View):
    def get(self, request, year="1"):
        # 这是一个重定向方法
        # 我如果需要在这里做一个跳转
        if year == "1":
            # reverse
            # 未带参数
            return redirect(reverse("login"))
            # 带非命名参数的跳转
            return redirect(reverse("articles", args=("2018", "03","21")))
            # 命名参数的跳转
            return redirect(reverse("hello3", kwargs={"year": 2000}))
            # 如果name是唯一的时候，你可以直接只使用name
            # 但是如果name在其它include中也存在相同name，为了区分，我们可以给inlude设置一个namespace
            # 我们通过命名空间名称+名称访问
            # 为了程序的健壮性，我们尽量使用命名空间+名称访问
            # 顶层其实有一个app名称，但是我们日常开发中，几乎不使用，该功能了解知道即可
            return redirect(reverse("hello:login"))
        else:
            return HttpResponse("登录成功")

模板渲染

#首先，先写html

#第一种：reander
#render 目标渲染
#redirect 重定向
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
class Reader_template(View):
    # render渲染H5
    def get(self,request):
        # render最少需要两个参数
        # 第一个为request， 它是get方法默认自带的参数
        # 第二个为模版路径
        return render(request,"reader_templates.html")

#第二种：get_template
from django.template.loader import get_template
class Get_template(View):
    # get_template渲染H5
    def get(self,request):
        template = get_template("reader_templates.html")
        # template实际是一个对象
        return HttpResponse(template.render())

动态渲染

class RenderParam(View):
    # 动态渲染参数
    def get(self, request):
        # global message
        mess = "大家好"
        date = "今天是星期五，明天后天就不上班啊。"
        # 传递一个参数给前端页面
        # 配置一个字典参数传递， 它的键名，为模版中的参数名字，值为具体内容
        # return render(request, "render_param.html", context={"mess": message})

        # 如果有多个参数
        # return render(request, "render_param.html", context={"mess": message, "date": date})

        # 如果参数较多，不想一个一个写，可以使用locals
        # locals()函数会把当前能访问到的局部变量，转换成一个字典
        print locals()
        # return render(request, "render_param.html", context=locals())

        # 我们平时content可以不写
        # 这里的参数，html中不一定要使用
        return render(request, "render_param.html", locals())

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ mess }}
</body>
</html>

模板标签