谈谈“睡眠”这件事儿_《心理学百科》笔记_Mar9

每日 一句：You don't set up to be rich or famous, you are set out to be helpful. 你的人生不是为了追逐名利，而是为了有益于他人。- Maxwell King, The Good Neighbor.

                                            Dormez - 谈谈“睡眠”这件事儿

In 1027, Avicenna (the Persian physician，c980-1037) wrote about trances in 《The Book of Healing》. But its use as a healing theapy was abandoned. 波斯哲学家阿维森纳就在其著作《治愈》一书中描述引入恍惚入睡来治愈疾病。他的方法在当时并没有被接受。

In 1779, Franz Mesmer (German physician，1734-1815), publishes 《A Memoir on the Discovery of Animal Magnetism》. Mesmer induced trance through the applicaiton of magnets often to the stomach, to manipulate the body's natural (or "animal") , hoping to bring it back into a harmonious state. 德国医生佛朗兹.麦斯迈出版《动物磁力发现录》。在书中，他描述借用磁力来刺激患者。

In 1819, Abbe Faria (a Portugese-Goan monk, 1756-1819) wrote 《On The Cause of Lucid Sleep》.  葡萄牙属果阿天主教徒法利亚写了《论清醒睡眠的原因》

    Faria concluded that the phenomena relied only upon power of suggestion. Faria saw his role as a "concentrator" helping his subject get into the right state of mind. 法利亚指出人自身的“暗示之力”才是进入恍惚睡眠状态的关键。医生的角色是“集中者”， 负责引导入眠对象进入入眠状态。

    "Nothing comes from the magnetizer; everything comes from the subject and takes place in his imagination." 

  Abbe Faria claimed that somnambulism(=sleep walking) was one kind of lucid sleep. 他认为梦游也是清醒睡眠的一种。

1843 James Brad (Scottish Surgeon，1795-1860) 

    Coined "hypnosis", from the Greek hypnos ("sleep") and osis ("condition").  取希腊语中的“hypno" 和“osia"组成hypnosis (催眠)这一个词。

    Coined the term "neuro-hypnotism" in 《Neurypnology》. 在《神经性睡眠》一书中创造了“神经催眠术” 一词。

    Brad concluded that hypnosis is not a type of sleep but a concentration on a single idea, resulting in heightened suggestibility. Brad称催眠状态并非一种睡眠，而是人在贯注一件事上之后，暗示性得到了提高。

1880s Emil Coue (French psychologist) discovers the placebo effect and publishes 《Self Mastery Through conscious Autosuggestion 》法国心理学家Emile发现国”安慰剂效应，并发表了《有意识的自我暗示之下的自我控制》

Jean-Martin Charcot （French neorologist 1825-1893) began to use hypnotism systematically in the treatment of traumatic hysteria. 19世纪中叶，法国神经病学家开始系统地使用催眠术作为一种创作性癔病的治疗手段。

1880s Sigmund Freud investigates hypnosis and its apparent power to control unconscious symptoms. Freud开始研究催眠，并由此发现了”潜意识的力量“。 

自制思维导图，转发请先与我联系