flex布局-概念及骰子布局
注:概念部分借鉴菜鸟教程,概念部分图片来源菜鸟教程
http://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/flex-grammar.html
目录:
- 概念
-
- flex容器的属性
- 2.1. flex-direction
- 2.2. flex-wrap
- 2.3. flex-flow
- 2.4. justify-content
- 2.5. align-items
- 2.6. align-content
-
- 项目的属性
- 3.1. order
- 3.2. flex-grow
- 3.3. flex-shrink
- 3.4. flex-basis
- 3.5. flex
- 3.6. align-self
- flex布局实践(骰子布局)
- 总结
- 源码
一、概念
flex布局称为flex容器,flex容器默认两根轴:水平主轴和垂直交叉轴。以下概念都围绕水平主轴和垂直交叉轴而定义。
flex
二、flex容器的属性
以下6个属性设置在容器上。
- flex-direction
- flex-wrap
- flex-flow
- justify-content
- align-items
- align-content
1. flex-direction 决定主轴的方向
flex-direction
- row(默认值): 主轴水平方向,左端为起点
- row-reverse: 主轴水平方向,右端为起点
- column: 主轴垂直方向,上端为起点
- column-reverse: 主轴垂直方向,下端为起点
2. flex-wrap 项目是否排列在轴线上,是否换行属性
flex-wrap
- nowrap(默认值): 不换行
- wrap: 换行,第一行在上方
- wrap-reverse: 换行,第一行在下方
3. flex-flow:<flex-direction> <flex-wrap> flex-direction和flex-wrap的简写
4. justify-content 定义主轴上的对其方式
justify-content
- flex-start(默认值): 左对齐
- flex-end: 右对齐
- center: 居中
- space-between: 两端对其,项目间间距相等
- space-around: 每个项目两端的间距相等
5. align-items 项目在交叉线上的对齐方式
align-items
- flex-start: 交叉线的起点对齐
- flex-end: 交叉线的终点对齐
- center: 交叉线的中心对齐
- baseline: 项目第一行文字的基线对齐
- stretch(默认值): 如果项目未设置高度或auto,将占满容器的高度
6. align-content 多行对其,如果只有一行,不起作用
align-contentflex-start: 与交叉点的起点对齐
- flex-end: 与交叉点的终点对齐
- center: 与交叉点的中心对齐
- space-between: 与交叉线两端对齐,轴线间间隔平均分配
- space-around: 每根轴线间隔相等
- stretch: 轴线占满整个交叉线
三、项目的属性
以下6个属性设置在项目上。
- order
- flex-grow
- flex-shrink
- flex-basis
- flex
- align-self
1. order
定义项目的排列顺序,值越小越靠前,默认为0
.item {
order: <integer>;
}
order
2. flex-grow
定义项目的放大比例,默认为0
flex-grow.item {
flex-grow: <number>;
}
如果flex-grow为1,则项目等分,如果有一个为2,其他为1,则该项目是其他项目的两倍。
3. flex-shrink
定义项目的缩小比例,默认值为1。
flex-shrink.item {
flex-shrink: <number>;
}
如果所有项目的flex-shrink属性都为1,当空间不足时,都将等比例缩小。如果一个项目的flex-shrink属性为0,其他项目都为1,则空间不足时,前者不缩小。
负值对该属性无效
4. flex-basis
定义在分配空间之前,项目占主轴空间,默认值为auto。
.item {
flex-basis: <length> | auto;
}
它可以设为跟width或height属性一样的值(比如250px),则项目将占据固定空间。
5. flex
属性是flex-grow, flex-shrink 和 flex-basis的简写,默认值为0 1 auto。后两个属性可选。
.item {
flex: none | [ <'flex-grow'> <'flex-shrink'>? || <'flex-basis'> ]
}
该属性有两个快捷值:auto (1 1 auto) 和 none (0 0 auto)。习惯使用这个属性。
6. align-self
属性允许单个项目有与其他项目不一样的对齐方式,可覆盖align-items属性, 默认值为auto。
align-self.item {
align-self: auto | flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch;
}
该属性可能取6个值,除了auto,其他都与align-items属性完全一致。
四、flex布局实践(骰子布局)
假设骰子的一面最多可以放9个点。
sz.png
下面来说如何使用flex布局骰子,html默认为
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
.box元素代表flex容器,.item元素代表一个项目,需要几个项目就有几个class为item的div元素。
1. 单项目
1.1 首先左上角一个点,默认情况即可。
s1.png
.box {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
border: 1px solid white;
background: white;
border-radius: 5px;
display: flex;
margin: 10px;
}
.box的样式为以上,下面所有都依据这个来的。
1.2 黑点在第一行居中对齐,使用justify-content: center即可。
s2.png
.box.one1 {
flex-direction: row; /* 默认值可以不写*/
justify-content: center;
}
1.3 黑点在第一行右对齐,使用justify-content: flex-end。
s3.png
.box.one2 {
justify-content: flex-end;
}
1.4 黑点在第二行第一个,转化为垂直交叉线排列方式,居中即可。
s4.png
.box.one3 {
align-items: center;
}
1.5 黑点垂直水平居中
s5.png
.box.one4 {
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
1.6 黑点在第二行右侧
s6.png
.box.one5 {
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
1.7 黑点在最后一行第一个
s7.png
.box.one6 {
align-items: flex-end;
}
1.8 黑点在最后一行居中
s8.png
.box.one7 {
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: center;
}
1.9 黑点在最后一行最后一个
s9.png
.box.one8 {
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
2. 双项目
html模版为
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
2.1 第一行左右布局
b1.png
.box.two1 {
justify-content: space-between;
}
2.2 左侧上下布局
b2.png
.box.two2 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
2.3 居中上下布局
b3.png
.box.two3 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
2.4 右侧上下布局
b4.png
.box.two4 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-end;
}
2.5 左上右下布局
b5
.box.two3 {
justify-content: space-between;
}
.two3 .item:last-child {
align-self: flex-end;
}
3. 三项目
html模版
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
3.1 一左二中三右布局
t1
.three1 {
flex-direction: column;
}
.three1 .item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.three1 .item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-end;
}
3.2 一右二中三左布局
t2
.three2 {
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-end;
}
.three2 .item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.three2 .item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-start;
}
4. 四项目
4.1 第一排铺满,最后一排右布局
模版:
<div class="box four1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
图:
f1
样式:
.four1 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-content: space-between;
}
4.2 上下左右四个角布局
html模版:
<div class="box four2">
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
图:
image.png
样式:
.four2 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.column {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
5. 五项目
html模版:
<div class="box four2">
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column mid">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
图:
five
样式:
.four2 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.column {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.mid {
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
6. 六项目
html模版:
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
6.1 上三下三布局
six1
.s1 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
6.2 左三右三布局
six2
.s2 {
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
7 九项目
html模版:
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
图:
image.png
样式:
.n1 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
五、总结
使用flex布局很多情况下节省很多工作量,方便简单好用。特别手机端用的很多。
六、完整代码没上传GitHub,这儿随便写了下符在下面。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body {
background: black;
}
.con {
margin: 50px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.box {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
border: 1px solid white;
background: white;
border-radius: 5px;
display: flex;
margin: 10px;
}
.item {
width: 10px;
height: 10px;
background: black;
border-radius: 5px;
margin: 5px;
}
.box.one1 {
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: center;
}
.box.one2 {
flex-direction: row;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.box.one3 {
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
}
.box.one4 {
flex-direction: row;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.box.one5 {
align-items: center;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.box.one6 {
align-items: flex-end;
}
.box.one7 {
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: center;
}
.box.one8 {
align-items: flex-end;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.box.two1 {
justify-content: space-between;
}
.box.two2 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.box.two21 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
.box.two22 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-end;
}
.box .item1 {
align-self: center;
}
.box.two3 {
justify-content: space-between;
}
.two3 .item:last-child {
align-self: flex-end;
}
.t1 {
flex-direction: column;
}
.t1 .item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.t1 .item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-end;
}
.t2 {
flex-direction: column;
align-items: flex-end;
}
.t2 .item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.t2 .item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-start;
}
.f1 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-content: space-between;
}
.f2 {
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.column {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.mid {
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
}
.s1 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
.s2 {
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 1 -->
<div class="con">
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one1">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one2">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one3">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one4">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one5">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one6">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one7">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box one8">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 2 -->
<div class="con">
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box two1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box two2">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box two21">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box two22">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item item1"></div>
</div>
<div class="box two3">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 3 -->
<div class="con">
<div class="box t1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box t2">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 4、5 -->
<div class="con">
<div class="box f1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box f2">
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="box f2">
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column mid">
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="column">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 6、9 -->
<div class="con">
<div class="box s1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box s2">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
<div class="box s1">
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
<div class="item"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>