RestTemplate Httpclient连接池

2020-07-19  本文已影响0人  卓三阳

RestTemplate 初解


1.HTTP长连接、短连接

HTTP协议的长连接和短连接,实质上是TCP协议的长连接和短连接。

在HTTP/1.0中默认使用短连接。也就是说,客户端和服务器每进行一次HTTP操作,就建立一次连接,任务结束就中断连接。

从HTTP/1.1起,默认使用长连接,用以保持连接特性。使用长连接的HTTP协议,会在响应头加入这行代码:Connection:keep-alive.在使用长连接的情况下,客户端和服务器之间用于传输HTTP数据的TCP连接不会关闭,客户端再次访问这个服务器时,会继续使用这一条已经建立的连接。Keep-Alive不会永久保持连接,它有一个保持时间,可以在不同的服务器软件(如Apache)中设定这个时间。实现长连接需要客户端和服务端都支持长连接。

http_connect.png

HttpClien中可以使用连接池来管理持有连接,同一条TCP链路上,连接是可以复用的。


2.RestTemplate的几种实现

RestTemplate有三个实现

RestTemplate()
RestTemplate(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters)
RestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory)。

下面主要介绍RestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory)


image.png

现在来看下其它几种客户端的引入。在ClientHttpRequestFactory的实现那张图中列出了RestTemplate的几种REST Client的封装。其中最常用的有以下三种:

SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(封装URLConnection) //默认
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(封装HttpClient)
OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory(封装OKHttp)

注意:RestTemplate默认的ClientHttpRequestFactor为SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory,默认的超时时间设置为-1,若出现服务器宕机的情况,该连接将永远不会被释放。

@Configuration
public class RestConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        return restTemplate;
    }

    @Bean("urlConnectionTemplate")
    public RestTemplate urlConnectionRestTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory());
        return restTemplate;
    }

    @Bean("httpClientTemplate")
    public RestTemplate httpClientRestTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory());
        return restTemplate;
    }

    @Bean("OKHttp3Template")
    public RestTemplate OKHttp3RestTemplate(){
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory());
        return restTemplate;
    }
}


3.RestTemplate Httpclient连接池

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class HttpClientConfig {

  @Autowired
  private HttpClientPoolConfig httpClientPoolConfig;

/**
* 原生的restTemplate
*/
  @Bean
  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
       return new RestTemplate();
  }


 /**
   * httpClientTemplate
   */
  @Bean(name = "httpClientTemplate")
  public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
       return createRestTemplate(factory);
  }


  private RestTemplate createRestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
      //1.实例化使用httpclient的RestTemplate
       RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(factory);
      //2.采用RestTemplate内部的MessageConverter
      //重新设置StringHttpMessageConverter字符集,解决中文乱码问题
        modifyDefaultCharset(restTemplate);
      //3.设置错误处理器
       restTemplate.setErrorHandler(new DefaultResponseErrorHandler());
       return restTemplate;
  }



  /**
   * 创建HTTP客户端工厂
   */
  @Bean(name = "clientHttpRequestFactory")
  public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {
 
      //1.检查配置maxTotalConnection 和 maxConnectionPerRoute
     if (httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxTotalConnect() <= 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid maxTotalConnection: " + 
             httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxTotalConnect());
      }
     if (httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxConnectPerRoute() <= 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid maxConnectionPerRoute: " + 
            httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxConnectPerRoute());
    }
     //2.创建clientHttpRequestFactory
    HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new 
         HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(httpClient());
    // 连接超时
    clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(httpClientPoolConfig.getConnectTimeout());
    // 数据读取超时时间,即SocketTimeout
    clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(httpClientPoolConfig.getReadTimeout());
    // 从连接池获取请求连接的超时时间,不宜过长,必须设置,比如连接不够用时,时间过长将是灾难性的
 clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpClientPoolConfig.getConnectionRequestTimout());
    return clientHttpRequestFactory;
  }



  /**
   * 配置httpClient
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public HttpClient httpClient() {
    HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
    try {
      //设置信任ssl访问
      SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, (arg0, arg1) -> true).build();
      httpClientBuilder.setSSLContext(sslContext);
      HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE;
      SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, hostnameVerifier);
      Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
              // 注册http和https请求
              .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
              .register("https", sslConnectionSocketFactory).build();
      //使用Httpclient连接池的方式配置(推荐),同时支持netty,okHttp以及其他http框架
      PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
      // 最大连接数
      poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxTotalConnect());
      // 同路由并发数
poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxConnectPerRoute());
      //配置连接池
      httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);
      // 重试次数
      httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(httpClientPoolConfig.getRetryTimes(), true));

      //设置默认请求头
      List<Header> headers = getDefaultHeaders();
      httpClientBuilder.setDefaultHeaders(headers);
      //设置长连接保持策略
      httpClientBuilder.setKeepAliveStrategy(connectionKeepAliveStrategy());
       /*启动清理线程,也可以启用用CloseableHttpClient的清理线程
        Thread t = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(connectionManager);
        t.setName("httpconnections-pool-evict-thread"); 
        t.start();
       */
      //设置后台线程剔除失效连接
      httpClientBuilder.evictExpiredConnections();
      httpClientBuilder.victIdleConnections(httpClientPoolConfig.getMaxIdleTime(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
      return httpClientBuilder.build();
    } catch (KeyManagementException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyStoreException e) {
      log.error("初始化HTTP连接池出错", e);
    }
    return null;
  }


  /**
   * 配置长连接保持策略
   * @return
   */
  public ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy connectionKeepAliveStrategy(){
    return (response, context) -> {
      // Honor 'keep-alive' header
      HeaderElementIterator it = new BasicHeaderElementIterator(
              response.headerIterator(HTTP.CONN_KEEP_ALIVE));
      while (it.hasNext()) {
        HeaderElement he = it.nextElement();
        log.info("HeaderElement:{}", JSON.toJSONString(he));
        String param = he.getName();
        String value = he.getValue();
        if (value != null && "timeout".equalsIgnoreCase(param)) {
          try {
            return Long.parseLong(value) * 1000;
          } catch(NumberFormatException ignore) {
            log.error("解析长连接过期时间异常",ignore);
          }
        }
      }
      HttpHost target = (HttpHost) context.getAttribute(
              HttpClientContext.HTTP_TARGET_HOST);
      //如果请求目标地址,单独配置了长连接保持时间,使用该配置
      Optional<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> any = Optional.ofNullable(httpClientPoolProperties.getKeepAliveTargetHost()).orElseGet(HashMap::new)
              .entrySet().stream().filter(
              e -> e.getKey().equalsIgnoreCase(target.getHostName())).findAny();
      //否则使用默认长连接保持时间
      return any.map(en -> en.getValue() * 1000L).orElse(httpClientPoolProperties.getKeepAliveTime() * 1000L);
    };
  }

  /**
   * 设置请求头
   *
   * @return
   */
  private List<Header> getDefaultHeaders() {
    List<Header> headers = new ArrayList<>();
    headers.add(new BasicHeader("User-Agent",
            "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/31.0.1650.16 Safari/537.36"));
    headers.add(new BasicHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate"));
    headers.add(new BasicHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN"));
    headers.add(new BasicHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive"));
    return headers;
  }

  /**
   * 修改默认的字符集类型为utf-8
   *
   * @param restTemplate
   */
  private void modifyDefaultCharset(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
    List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterList = restTemplate.getMessageConverters();
    HttpMessageConverter<?> converterTarget = null;
    for (HttpMessageConverter<?> item : converterList) {
      if (StringHttpMessageConverter.class == item.getClass()) {
        converterTarget = item;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (null != converterTarget) {
      converterList.remove(converterTarget);
    }
    Charset defaultCharset = Charset.forName(httpClientPoolConfig.getCharset());
    converterList.add(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(defaultCharset));
  }
}

    // pool监测线程,定期移除过期连接、空闲连接
/*
    public static class IdleConnectionMonitorThread extends Thread {

        private final HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
        public IdleConnectionMonitorThread(HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr) {
            super();
            this.connMgr = connMgr;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (true) {
                    synchronized (this) {
                        Thread.sleep(5000);
                        connMgr.closeExpiredConnections();
                        connMgr.closeIdleConnections(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
*/


使用restTemplate,则无需关闭响应的连接。RestTemplate会为您执行此操作,以验证相同的内容,了解RestTemplate.java

注意点

1.对于整个应用,一个HttpClient就够了,HttpClient就像一个小型的浏览器。
2.启用后台监控线程检查连接
HttpClient4.4版本之前,在从连接池中获取重用连接的时候会检查下是否过期,过期则清理。之后的版本则不同,会有一个单独的线程来扫描连接池中的连接,发现有离最近一次使用超过设置的时间后,就会清理。只有在HttpClientBuilder手动设置后,才会开启清理过期与空闲连接。
3.HTTP请求时connectionRequestTimeout 、connectionTimeout、socketTimeout三个超时时间的含义
(1)connectionRequestTimout
从连接池获取连接的timeout
(2)connetionTimeout
客户端和服务器建立连接的timeout
就是http请求的三个阶段,一:建立连接;二:数据传送;三,断开连接。超时后ConnectionTimeOutException
(3)socketTimeout即ReadTimeout
指客户端和服务器建立连接后,客户端从服务器读取数据的timeout,超出后会抛出SocketTimeOutException


参考

SpringBoot的restTemplate整合HttpClient连接池及配置
SpringBoot系列 - 使用RestTemplate

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读