1.创建模块

odoo提供scaffold命令用来快速创建模块:

odoo scaffold <module name> <module directory>

2.模块控制器

打开module name文件夹，如mymodules/academy ，编辑controllers/controllers.py，在init.py进行导入

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from odoo import http

class Academy(http.Controller):
    @http.route('/academy/academy/', auth='public')
    def index(self, **kw):
        return "Hello, world"

保存，重启odoo，此处如果模块文件夹不是默认，执行的时候需要指定addon目录(当前路径相对路径或绝对路径）：

odoo --addons-path addons,mymodules

在开发者模式下更新应用列表，在设置-应用右上角搜索栏中搜索academy(需去掉应用过滤）安装
，安装完成后在浏览器输入 localhost:8069/academy/academy即可看到简单的hello word页面了

3.自定义模板

odoo自己开发了一套QWeb模板引擎，修改controller让它加载自定义模板：

class Academy(http.Controller):
@http.route('/academy/academy/', auth='public')
def index(self, **kw):
    return http.request.render('academy.index', {
        'teachers': ["Diana Padilla", "Jody Caroll", "Lester Vaughn"],
    })

然后编辑template.xml，此模板在manifest.py中配置到data中加载：

<odoo>
<data>
    <template id="index">
        <title>Academy</title>
        <t t-foreach="teachers" t-as="teacher">
          <p><t t-esc="teacher"/></p>
        </t>
    </template>
</data>
</odoo>

此模板将teachers循环输出，重启odoo服务，找到academy点击升级，刷新localhost:8069/academy/academy页面会显示新的内容了

4.数据保存

• 模型定义

编辑models/models.py

class Teachers(models.Model):
_name = 'academy.teachers'

name = fields.Char()

编辑security/ir.model.access.csv并加入manifest.py

id,name,model_id:id,group_id:id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_academy_teachers,access_academy_teachers,model_academy_teachers,,1,0,0,0

此处即设置数据为对所有用户只读

所有xml和csv文件都需要在manifest内进行引入，controller和module文件需要在init内进入导入

• 测试数据,编辑demo.xml

<odoo>
    <data>
        <record id="padilla" model="academy.teachers">
            <field name="name">Diana Padilla</field>
        </record>
        <record id="carroll" model="academy.teachers">
            <field name="name">Jody Carroll</field>
        </record>
        <record id="vaughn" model="academy.teachers">
            <field name="name">Lester Vaughn</field>
        </record>
    </data>
</odoo>

• 数据读取
  修改controllers.py

class Academy(http.Controller):
    @http.route('/academy/academy/', auth='public')
    def index(self, **kw):
        Teachers = http.request.env['academy.teachers']
        return http.request.render('academy.index', {
            'teachers': Teachers.search([])
        })

修改templates.xml

  <template id="index">
            <title>Academy</title>
            <t t-foreach="teachers" t-as="teacher">
                <p><t t-esc="teacher.id"/> <t t-esc="teacher.name"/></p>
            </t>
        </template>

重启odoo服务，升级academy（升级时会自动创建数据表，导入测试数据），重新打开localhost:8069/academy/academy 此时展现的数据就是数据库读取出来的了

5.模块用于网站

odoo提供了一个用于建立网站的模块，接下来测试academy用于网站中

• 在manifest中将模块定义为website:
  'depends': ['website']
• 在controller中指定为website：

class Academy(http.Controller):
    @http.route('/academy/academy/', auth='public', website=True)

• 在模板中添加website layout

<template id="index">
            <t t-call="website.layout">
                <t t-set="title">Academy</t>
                <div class="oe_structure">
                    <div class="container">
                        <t t-foreach="teachers" t-as="teacher">
                            <p><t t-esc="teacher.id"/> <t t-esc="teacher.name"/></p>
                        </t>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </t>
        </template>

重启odoo并更新模块（加载template和manifest），重新进入academy页面，页面已经用了网站前端的布局

6.链接和路由

在controller中通过route()装饰器来处理请求，除了标准的URL之外，还可以接受参数型url，例：

 @http.route('/academy/<name>/', auth='public', website=True)
    def teacher(self, name):
        return '<h1>{}</h1>'.format(name)
        
  @http.route('/academy/<int:id>/', auth='public', website=True)
    def teacher_id(self, id):
        return '<h1>{} ({})</h1>'.format(id, type(id).__name__)

重启odoo，浏览器进入academy/test和academy/1 所显示出来的页面是不一样的，odoo还支持使用数据模型做参数

#controllers.py
@http.route('/academy/<model("academy.teachers"):teacher>/', auth='public', website=True)
    def teacher(self, teacher):
        return http.request.render('academy.biography', {
            'person': teacher
        })

#template.xml
<template id="biography">
            <t t-call="website.layout">
                <t t-set="title">Academy</t>
                <div class="oe_structure"/>
                <div class="oe_structure">
                    <div class="container">
                        <p><t t-esc="person.id"/> <t t-esc="person.name"/></p>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="oe_structure"/>
            </t>
        </template>

重启odoo并升级模块，输入academy/1 查看效果

7.使模块在菜单栏可见

默认情况下，新建的模块对用户来说是不可见的，需要创建一个菜单用户才能在页面中看到

#view.xml
 <!-- 默认列表 -->
    <record id="action_academy_teachers" model="ir.actions.act_window">
    <field name="name">Academy teachers</field>
    <field name="res_model">academy.teachers</field>
  </record>

  <!-- 单条数据视图 -->
   <record id="academy_teacher_form" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">Academy teachers: form</field>
    <field name="model">academy.teachers</field>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
      <form>
        <sheet>
          <label for="name"/> <field name="name"/>
          <label for="biography"/>
          <field name="biography"/>
        </sheet>
      </form>
    </field>
  </record>

  <!-- 菜单 -->
  <menuitem sequence="0" id="menu_academy" name="Academy"/>
  <menuitem id="menu_academy_content" parent="menu_academy"
            name="Academy Content"/>
  <menuitem id="menu_academy_content_teachers"
            parent="menu_academy_content"
            action="action_academy_teachers"/>

重启odoo并更新模块，菜单会有academy入口了，默认会展现一个列表，点进去可编辑

8.数据模型相互关联

建立一个课程表模型，每个课程需要有一个老师，课程表就需要有一个老师ID的字段来进行关联，需要建立一个一对多的关系

#models.py 添加
class Teachers(models.Model):
    _name = 'academy.teachers'

    name = fields.Char()
    biography = fields.Html()

    course_ids = fields.One2many('academy.courses', 'teacher_id', string="Courses")
    
class Courses(models.Model):
    _name = 'academy.courses'

    name = fields.Char()
    teacher_id = fields.Many2one('academy.teachers', string="Teacher")

#ir.model.access.csv 添加
access_academy_courses,access_academy_courses,model_academy_courses,,1,0,0,0

#view.xml 更新
<!-- 单条数据视图 -->
   <record id="academy_teacher_form" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">Academy teachers: form</field>
    <field name="model">academy.teachers</field>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
      <form>
        <sheet>
          <label for="name"/> <field name="name"/>

          <label for="biography"/>
          <field name="biography"/>

          <field name="course_ids">
            <tree string="Courses" editable="bottom">
              <field name="name"/>
            </tree>
          </field>
        </sheet>
      </form>
    </field>
  </record>
<!-- 课程视图 -->
  <record id="action_academy_courses" model="ir.actions.act_window">
    <field name="name">Academy courses</field>
    <field name="res_model">academy.courses</field>
  </record>
  <record id="academy_course_search" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">Academy courses: search</field>
    <field name="model">academy.courses</field>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
      <search>
        <field name="name"/>
        <field name="teacher_id"/>
      </search>
    </field>
  </record>
  <record id="academy_course_list" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">Academy courses: list</field>
    <field name="model">academy.courses</field>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
      <tree string="Courses">
        <field name="name"/>
        <field name="teacher_id"/>
      </tree>
    </field>
  </record>
  <record id="academy_course_form" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">Academy courses: form</field>
    <field name="model">academy.courses</field>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
      <form>
        <sheet>
          <label for="name"/>
          <field name="name"/>
          <label for="teacher_id"/>
          <field name="teacher_id"/>
        </sheet>
      </form>
    </field>
  </record>

  <!-- 菜单 -->
  <menuitem sequence="0" id="menu_academy" name="Academy"/>
  <menuitem id="menu_academy_content" parent="menu_academy"
            name="Academy Content"/>
  <menuitem id="menu_academy_content_courses"
            parent="menu_academy_content"
            action="action_academy_courses"/>
  <menuitem id="menu_academy_content_teachers"
            parent="menu_academy_content"
            action="action_academy_teachers"/>

此时重启odoo并更新模块，进入academy，点击菜单的course，看看会有什么

9.odoo聊天系统

odoo自带聊天系统，只需要在models里引入mail.thread，添加messageid到表单中即可，下面为课程添加讨论功能

#__manifest__.py 
'depends': ['base','mail'],

#models.py
class Courses(models.Model):
    _name = 'academy.courses'
    _inherit = 'mail.thread'

    name = fields.Char()
    teacher_id = fields.Many2one('academy.teachers', string="Teacher")

#views.xml
<form>
    <sheet>
      <label for="name"/>
      <field name="name"/>
      <label for="teacher_id"/>
      <field name="teacher_id"/>
    </sheet>
    <div class="oe_chatter">
      <field name="message_follower_ids" widget="mail_followers"/>
      <field name="message_ids" widget="mail_thread"/>
    </div>
  </form>

10.odoo交易功能

odoo提供了website_sales的交易模块，只需要做简单的修改就可以实现商品发布(安装电子商务模块)

#__manifest__.py
'depends': ['website_sale'],

'data': [
        'security/ir.model.access.csv',
        'views/views.xml',
        'views/templates.xml',
        'data/data.xml' #此处为新增
    ],
    
#data/data.xml 新增
<odoo>
<data>
  <record model="product.public.category" id="category_courses">
    <field name="name">Courses</field>
    <field name="parent_id" ref=""/>
  </record>
</data>
</odoo>

#demo.xml
<record id="padilla" model="academy.teachers">
        <field name="name">老师1号</field>
</record>
<record id="course0" model="product.template">
    <field name="name">Course 0</field>
    <field name="teacher_id" ref="padilla"/>
    <field name="public_categ_ids" eval="[(4, ref('academy.category_courses'), False)]"/>
    <field name="website_published">True</field>
    <field name="list_price" type="float">0</field>
    <field name="type">service</field>
</record>
<record id="course1" model="product.template">
    <field name="name">Course 1</field>
    <field name="teacher_id" ref="padilla"/>
    <field name="public_categ_ids" eval="[(4, ref('academy.category_courses'), False)]"/>
    <field name="website_published">True</field>
    <field name="list_price" type="float">0</field>
    <field name="type">service</field>
</record>
<record id="course2" model="product.template">
    <field name="name">Course 2</field>
    <field name="teacher_id" ref="vaughn"/>
    <field name="public_categ_ids" eval="[(4, ref('academy.category_courses'), False)]"/>
    <field name="website_published">True</field>
    <field name="list_price" type="float">0</field>
    <field name="type">service</field>
</record>

#models.py
class Teachers(models.Model):
    _name = 'academy.teachers'

    name = fields.Char()
    biography = fields.Html()

    course_ids = fields.One2many('product.template', 'teacher_id', string="Courses")

class Courses(models.Model):
    _inherit = 'product.template'

    name = fields.Char()
    teacher_id = fields.Many2one('academy.teachers', string="Teacher")
    
#ir.model.access.csv
id,name,model_id:id,group_id:id,perm_read,perm_write,perm_create,perm_unlink
access_academy_teachers,access_academy_teachers,model_academy_teachers,,1,0,0,0

#views.xml 去掉前面步骤创建的课程视图
<!-- 单条数据视图 -->=
<record id="academy_teacher_form" model="ir.ui.view">
<field name="name">Academy teachers: form</field>
<field name="model">academy.teachers</field>
<field name="arch" type="xml">
  <form>
    <sheet>
      <label for="name"/> <field name="name"/>

      <label for="biography"/>
      <field name="biography"/>

      <field name="course_ids">
        <tree string="Courses" editable="bottom">
          <field name="name"/>
        </tree>
      </field>
    </sheet>
  </form>
</field>
</record>
<menuitem sequence="0" id="menu_academy" name="Academy"/>
<menuitem id="menu_academy_content" parent="menu_academy"
        name="Academy Content"/>
<menuitem id="menu_academy_content_teachers"
        parent="menu_academy_content"
        />

重启odoo，打开网站-商店，发现有添加的课程了

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