.xz文件手册及帮助信息
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XZ(1) XZ Utils XZ(1)
NAME
xz, unxz, xzcat, lzma, unlzma, lzcat - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files
SYNOPSIS
xz [option...] [file...]
COMMAND ALIASES
unxz is equivalent to xz --decompress.
xzcat is equivalent to xz --decompress --stdout.
lzma is equivalent to xz --format=lzma.
unlzma is equivalent to xz --format=lzma --decompress.
lzcat is equivalent to xz --format=lzma --decompress --stdout.
When writing scripts that need to decompress files, it is recommended to always use the name xz
with appropriate arguments (xz -d or xz -dc) instead of the names unxz and xzcat.
DESCRIPTION
xz is a general-purpose data compression tool with command line syntax similar to gzip(1) and
bzip2(1). The native file format is the .xz format, but the legacy .lzma format used by LZMA
Utils and raw compressed streams with no container format headers are also supported.
xz compresses or decompresses each file according to the selected operation mode. If no files
are given or file is -, xz reads from standard input and writes the processed data to standard
output. xz will refuse (display an error and skip the file) to write compressed data to standard
output if it is a terminal. Similarly, xz will refuse to read compressed data from standard
input if it is a terminal.
Unless --stdout is specified, files other than - are written to a new file whose name is derived
from the source file name:
· When compressing, the suffix of the target file format (.xz or .lzma) is appended to the
source filename to get the target filename.
· When decompressing, the .xz or .lzma suffix is removed from the filename to get the target
filename. xz also recognizes the suffixes .txz and .tlz, and replaces them with the .tar suf‐
Manual page xz(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS
Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
A key preceded by a caret indicates the Ctrl key; thus ^K is ctrl-K.
h H Display this help.
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
MOVING
e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).
z * Forward one window (and set window to N).
w * Backward one window (and set window to N).
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).
ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).
F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
---------------------------------------------------
Default "window" is the screen height.
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
SEARCHING
/pattern * Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
?pattern * Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
n * Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
&pattern * Display only matching lines
---------------------------------------------------
A search pattern may be preceded by one or more of:
^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
JUMPING
g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line N).
G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line N).
p % * Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file).
t * Go to the (N-th) next tag.
T * Go to the (N-th) previous tag.
{ ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
} ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
ESC-^F <c1> <c2> * Find close bracket <c2>.
ESC-^B <c1> <c2> * Find open bracket <c1>
---------------------------------------------------
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
matching the (N-th) open bracket in the top line.
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
matching the (N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
m<letter> Mark the current position with <letter>.
'<letter> Go to a previously marked position.
'' Go to the previous position.
XX Same as '.
---------------------------------------------------
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
Certain marks are predefined:
^ means beginning of the file
$ means end of the file
CHANGING FILES
:e [file] Examine a new file.
XV Same as :e.
:n * Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line.
:p * Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line.
:x * Examine the first (or N-th) file from the command line.
:d Delete the current file from the command line list.
= ^G :f Print current file name.
MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
-<flag> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
--<name> Toggle a command line option, by name.
_<flag> Display the setting of a command line option.
__<name> Display the setting of an option, by name.
+cmd Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
!command Execute the shell command with VISUAL or $EDITOR.
V Print version number of "less".
OPTIONS
Most options may be changed either on the command line,
or from within less by using the - or -- command.
Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
character preceded by a -, or a name preceded by --.
-? ........ --help
Display help (from command line).
-a ........ --search-skip-screen
Search skips current screen.
-A ........ --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN
Search starts just after target line.
-b [N] .... --buffers=[N]
Number of buffers.
-B ........ --auto-buffers
Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
-c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN
Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling.
-d ........ --dumb
Dumb terminal.
-D [xn.n] . --color=xn.n
Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
-e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
Quit at end of file.
-f ........ --force
Force open non-regular files.
-F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
-g ........ --hilite-search
Highlight only last match for searches.
-G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
Don't highlight any matches for searches.
--old-bot
Revert to the old bottom of screen behavior.
-h [N] .... --max-back-scroll=[N]
Backward scroll limit.
-i ........ --ignore-case
Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
-I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
Ignore case in all searches.
-j [N] .... --jump-target=[N]
Screen position of target lines.
-J ........ --status-column
Display a status column at left edge of screen.
-k [file] . --lesskey-file=[file]
Use a lesskey file.
-K --quit-on-intr
Exit less in response to ctrl-C.
-L ........ --no-lessopen
Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
-m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
Set prompt style.
-n ........ --line-numbers
Don't use line numbers.
-N ........ --LINE-NUMBERS
Use line numbers.
-o [file] . --log-file=[file]
Copy to log file (standard input only).
-O [file] . --LOG-FILE=[file]
Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
-p [pattern] --pattern=[pattern]
Start at pattern (from command line).
-P [prompt] --prompt=[prompt]
Define new prompt.
-q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
Quiet the terminal bell.
-r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
Output "raw" control characters.
-s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
Squeeze multiple blank lines.
-S ........ --chop-long-lines
Chop (truncate) long lines rather than wrapping.
-t [tag] .. --tag=[tag]
Find a tag.
-T [tagsfile] --tag-file=[tagsfile]
Use an alternate tags file.
-u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
Change handling of backspaces.
-V ........ --version
Display the version number of "less".
-w ........ --hilite-unread
Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
-W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
-x [N[,...]] --tabs=[N[,...]]
Set tab stops.
-X ........ --no-init
Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
-y [N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[N]
Forward scroll limit.
-z [N] .... --window=[N]
Set size of window.
-" [c[c]] . --quotes=[c[c]]
Set shell quote characters.
-~ ........ --tilde
Don't display tildes after end of file.
-# [N] .... --shift=[N]
Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
........ --no-keypad
Don't send termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
........ --follow-name
The F command changes files if the input file is renamed.
........ --use-backslash
Subsequent options use backslash as escape char.
LINE EDITING
These keys can be used to edit text being entered
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
ctrl-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
ctrl-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
ctrl-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
ctrl-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
ctrl-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
TAB Complete filename & cycle.
SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
ctrl-L Complete filename, list all.
