第三课

An unknown goddess

How did the archaeologists know that the statue was a goddess?

archaeologist

archeologist
考古学家

• "arch(a)" = ancient
  archaic

  • archaic words
  • archaic civilizations

• "(o)logy" = to study
  -ist 人

  • biology biologist 生物学, 生物学家
  • geology 地理学 geologist 地理学家
  • psychology 心理学 psychologist 心理学家
  • physiology 生理学 physiologist 生理学家
  • anthropology 人类学 anthropology 人类学家

Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.

make a discovery (of ...)

discover

• make an interesting discovery (of...)

• 动词变名词, 然后前面加make

  • use

    • make use of

      • make the best use of ...
        He made the best use of his talent.

  • describe

    • make a vivid description of ...
      生动的描述

  • summarize

    • make a comprehensive summary of ...
      做一个全面的总结

  • analyze

    • make a detailed analysis of ...
      做一个细致的分析

  • investigate

    • make a thorough investigation of ...
      做一个彻底的调查

• 被动语句, 突出重点, 主次分明

  • A radio message from the mainland had been received by the sship's captain whith instructing hime to give up the search.

An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.

of 引出地理位置的名字

• the city of Beijing

• the promontory of Ayia Irini

• the tiny village of Perachora

• the famous monastery of St. Bernard

• 其他连词

  • 报刊书刊用entitled

    • the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
    • the movie entitled Da Vinci Code

  • 人名使用named

    • the man named / called Vincent

be located

be situated
be sited

• Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.
  雕塑矗立于某个地方

• The Monument to the People's Heroes stands in the center of Tian'anmen Square.
  纪念碑矗立在天安门广场的正中央

• sit
  坐落于

  • The house sits on top of a hill overlooking the town.

• lie
  躺

  • The famous monastery of St. Bernard which was founded in the 11th century lies about a mile away.

promontory(headland) : a long narrow area of high land that sticks out into the sea

• cape: a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea

The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.

prosperous

经济上繁荣的

• a prosperous country / businessman

• prosperity economic prosperity
  经济繁荣 不可数

• We'll keep the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong at any cost.
  不惜一切代价, 维持香港的繁荣

• One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of proverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.

  • poverty 贫穷的
  • in the midst of 在...之上

• prosper
  繁荣

  • A company can't prosper without investment.
    不及物动词

    • investment 投资

  • thrive /flourish

    • plants tha thrive / flourish in tropical rain forests.
      枝繁叶茂
    • a thriving / flourishing tourist industry

at one time = once

当年

• take two pills at once

must have done

• The city at one time must have seen that known prosperity.

有好的东西可以用enjoy

• enjoy good health

• The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.

• 其他的享有

  • be blessed with
    强调聪明可爱

    • They were blessed with two children a boy and a girl.

      • The underlined part in Paragraph 1 most probably means "___"
        A. were lucky in having
        B. were asked to adopt
        C. regretted having(很遗憾的享有)
        D. gave birth to

  • be endowed with
    天生具备

    • She is endowed with both brains and beauty.
    • We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
      ---- Thomas Jefferson

  • boast
    人做主语是吹牛, 物品做主语是有的意思

    • There is a lot of beautiful scenery in China.
      China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.

Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone.

storey / story

楼层

• storey -> storeys
  story -> stories
• a two-story house
  The house is two stories high.
• a multi-story parking lot
  停车场

They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.

a girl with blue eyes

a mug with a broken handle
decorate

• a vastly improved method
  过去分词修饰
• a much acclaimed novel
  倍受赞誉的小说

The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.

equip A with B

be equipped with...
equipment

• The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.

a great many (of) ...

• a great number of ...

• a great amount / deal of ...

  • 接不可数

beneath / underneath -> on

• 反义词为on
• come on
• under -> over
  下方, 有段距离
• below -> above
  低于或者高于

The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.

be used as

被当做 .. 来用

• The wooden box is used as a seat.

• act / serve/ function as ...
  意思一样, 必须用主动

  • The wooden box acts / serves/ functions as a seat.

B.C. ( BC): Before Christ

• A.D.(AD): Anno domini

in modern / recent /ancient/ prehistoric times

在某个时代或者时期

• in times of ...
  in times of peace / war

  • In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state...

• age
  the Ice Age
  the Stone Age

  • the modern age
    the computer age

• era / epoch

  • the steam-engine era / epoch
    the end of an era / epoch

  • His death marked the end of an era.

  • the beginning of a new era /epoch

    • It marked the end of the great traditionn of sheips with sails and the beginning of a new era.
    • The foundation of the Peoples's Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.

In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.

sacred

宗教的神圣的

• Mecca is a sacred place.

• holy

  • 圣经

    
    圣经

  • holy water
    圣水

  • a holy war 圣战

• blessed 神圣的,特殊场合

  • the Blessed Virgin Mary 圣母玛丽
  • It is more blessed to give than to receive. 施比受更有福德

• divine 神的, 神性的上帝

  • The err is human, to forgive divine.
    凡人多舛误, 唯神能见宥

statues

发音

Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.

represent

• stand for

  • Honey, this gold ring stands for /represents my love for you.

• on behalf of ...

  • Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese government during the meeting.
  • Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech representing / standing for the Chinese government during the meeting.

The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the 15th century B.C.

remains

• the remains of a meal 剩饭

• the remains of ancient Rome 古罗马的废墟

• His remains are buried in the churchyard 习惯用复数

• the rest of sth. 其余的, 剩余的

  • the rest of the semester

• the remainder of sth.

  • the rest of the semester = the remainder of the semester

• what is left of sth.
  what remains of sth.
  剩余的东西

  • Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion., for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
    混乱中, 贪婪的吞噬了
  • It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit hime, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle's.

date from

要用主动

• date from ...
  date back to ...
• can ben traced back to 必须用被动
• The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from / dates back to /can be traced back to the distant HanDynasty.

Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.

happen to do 碰巧

• sth. happen to sb.
  A car accident happened to hime.

• it happen that...
  We happened to take the same train.
  It happened that we took the same train.

• chance to do
  it chance that...
  意思相似

  • We chanced to take the same train.
    It chanced that we took the same train.

• by chance by accident
  accidentally
  碰巧

• as it happen
  碰巧

  • As it happened , we took the same train.

  • W: I don't imagine you would have time to help me with this.
    M: As it happens, I would.
    Q: What does the man mean?

    • A He would like to know what happened.
      B. He can help the woman.
      C. Because of what happened, he has no time.
      D. He would have helped if he had the time.

• as luck would have it 没有任何感情色彩

  • As luck would have it, we took the same train.

• when i stepped into a drugstore to call home for a ride, the bus went by. As luck would have it, there was no one at home, so I had to wait another forty five minutes for the next bus.
  W: That's Murphy's law, isn't it. What was it said "If anything can go wrong, it will." Well, we still get twenty minutes to gather our wits together.

  • gather our wits 平静下来

This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.

classical

古代文化的

• classical studies
  classical music
  古典乐

• classic
  经典的最棒的, 古典是一个风格, 经典是公认的

  • electric an electric light /razor
    电灯, 电动剃须刀
  • electrical electrical failure
    停电
  • historic a historic moment
    历史意义的时刻
  • historical historical records
    历史记录
  • economic economic policy
  • economical an economical car
  • politic a politic decision
    策略的
  • political political asylum
    政治避难

preserve

保护保存 多指良好状态

• preserve one's eyesight /food

• conserve 强调保证数量不下降

  • conserve wildlife / ressources

• reserve
  一般多强调保存起来, 将来使用

  • Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.
  • All Rights Reserved
  • I reserve the right to disagree.
  • reserve a table for 2
    也有预定的意思

• The old building is in a good state of ____ except for the wooden floors.
  A. observation B. preservation
  C. conservation D. reservation

It was very old and precious even then.

When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.

rest

倚放, 放置

• Her elbows rested on the table.
  不及物动词

• She rested her head against a cushion.
  及物动词

• rest on / upon
  基于, 以...为基础

  • Columbus' decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.

  • be based / founded on / upon
    用被动

  • depend on / upon

  • rely on / upon

  • Don't always d______ on others. You should learn to rely on yourself.

  • While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.

    • while

      • 虽然
      • 而
      • 时间状语 当

    • an undue reliance
      过度的依赖

    • on interpretations 解释

  • While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.

She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.

Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.

XMind: ZEN - Trial Version