Synchronized(***) - 锁什么？

2018-03-22 本文已影响9人 SHERLOCKvv

今天看synchronized的时候，突然想起它需要注意的一个地方：它的参数值有几个，比如说this、class、任意的对象、用它修饰方法，这都有啥区别？想着以后把它的注意事项给忘了的时候能翻翻写的东西记起来，先记录一下自己懂得的一些地方

锁在Android代码中很常用，因为涉及到异步线程的安全问题，所以要加synchronized来控制代码逻辑的同步执行，但是它的作用又很广泛，这就使得它的参数要有很多个才能满足各种各样的需求。我常常在使用的时候用着用着就懵逼了，汗~~下面挨个看看每个参数的具体用法，顺便复习一遍。

前期准备工作
创建一个class类用来测试

/**
 * 测试synchronized()的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public void methodA(){
    }

    public void methodB(){
    }
}

再开启两个测试子线程，模拟代码逻辑的异步执行

public class SynchronizedThreadA extends Thread{
    private SynchronizedTestBean bean;

    public SynchronizedThreadA(SynchronizedTestBean bean) {
        super();
        this.bean = bean;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        bean.methodA();
    }
}

public class SynchronizedThreadB extends Thread{
    private SynchronizedTestBean bean;

    public SynchronizedThreadB(SynchronizedTestBean bean) {
        super();
        this.bean = bean;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        bean.methodB();
    }
}

synchronized(*.class)

一句话：锁class，锁所有对象

我们把上述SynchronizedTestBean代码改造一下：

/**
 * 测试synchronized(*.class)的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public void methodA(){
        try {
            synchronized (SynchronizedTestBean.class) {
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                //让该线程睡个3秒再执行
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodA times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void methodB(){
        synchronized (SynchronizedTestBean.class) {
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }
}

调用它：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanOne);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5开始执行methodA times:1521687870408
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5执行结束methodA times:1521687873408
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6开始执行methodB times:1521687873410
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6执行结束methodB times:1521687873410

结论呢，就是如果使用synchronized锁了一个class，那么，这个锁就会对这个class生成的所有对象起作用。
你可能会有疑问，你就生成了一个SynchronizedTestBean对象mBeanOne ，传递给了两个子线程使用，这样也不能有力证明该结论呀。嘿嘿，我懒嘛！
好，再改造下代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;
    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanTwo;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();
        mBeanTwo = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanTwo);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

这样总可以了吧，看下运行结果

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-7开始执行methodA times:1521689964011
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-7执行结束methodA times:1521689967012
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-8开始执行methodB times:1521689967013
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-8执行结束methodB times:1521689967013

怎么样，是不是threadA在持有mBeanOne对象时，尽管threadB持有不同的mBeanTwo对象，但是两个对象都是SynchronizedTestBean类对象，threadB也只能无奈的等待threadA执行完synchronized(.class)修饰的方法后，才轮到它执行synchronized(.class)方法

synchronized锁静态方法

一句话：锁静态，锁所有对象

我们再把上述SynchronizedTestBean代码改造一下：

/**
 * 测试synchronized静态方法的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public synchronized static void methodA(){
        try {
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            //让该线程睡个3秒再执行
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodA times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public synchronized static void methodB(){
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

因为是静态的方法了，把SynchronizedThreadA、SynchronizedThreadB也改造下吧：

public class SynchronizedThreadA extends Thread{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        SynchronizedTestBean.methodA();
    }
}

public class SynchronizedThreadB extends Thread{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        SynchronizedTestBean.methodB();
    }
}

调用它：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA();
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB();
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5开始执行methodA times:1521690997803
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5执行结束methodA times:1521691000803
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6开始执行methodB times:1521691000804
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6执行结束methodB times:1521691000804

可以看到，和上面的锁class结果一样，所以，你如果看到一个静态方法被synchronized修饰，你就可以理解成就是对当前对应的*.Class进行加锁

synchronized(this)

一句话：锁this，锁自己

我们再再把上述SynchronizedTestBean代码改造一下：

/**
 * 测试synchronized this的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public void methodA(){
        try {
            synchronized (this) {
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodA times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void methodB(){
        synchronized (this) {
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }
}

SynchronizedThreadA、SynchronizedThreadB不用修改了，继续沿用最上面的定义

调用它：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanOne);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果如下：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5开始执行methodA times:1521697441283
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-5执行结束methodA times:1521697444283
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6开始执行methodB times:1521697444284
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-6执行结束methodB times:1521697444284

这个结论咱们先别急着下，因为我只创建了一个SynchronizedTestBean对象mBeanOne，接下来我们创建两个对象试试：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;
    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanTwo;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();
        mBeanTwo = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanTwo);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果如下：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-882开始执行methodA times:1521698553995
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-883开始执行methodB times:1521698554000
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-883执行结束methodB times:1521698554000
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-882执行结束methodA times:1521698556996

可以看到，synchronized(this)只作用一个对象mBeanOne时，锁是有作用的，methodA执行了mBeanOne的synchronized(this)方法，那么methodB就得乖乖等着methodA执行完后才轮到它执行synchronized(this)修饰的方法。但如果有两个对象，则互不影响，methodA执行mBeanOne对象方法时，methodB完全可以执行它的mBeanTwo对象方法，两个互不影响。

synchronized锁普通方法

一句话：锁普通，锁自己

我们再再再把上述SynchronizedTestBean代码改造一下：

/**
 * 测试synchronized普通方法的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public synchronized void methodA(){
        try {
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodA times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public synchronized void methodB(){
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

调用它：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanOne);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1487开始执行methodA times:1521699765485
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1487执行结束methodA times:1521699768485
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1488开始执行methodB times:1521699768486
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1488执行结束methodB times:1521699768486

和上面的synchronized(this)一样
再来看两个对象的情况：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;
    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanTwo;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();
        mBeanTwo = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanTwo);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1697开始执行methodA times:1521700056969
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1698开始执行methodB times:1521700056975
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1698执行结束methodB times:1521700056975
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1697执行结束methodA times:1521700059969

也和上面的synchronized(this)一样，所以，你如果看到一个普通方法被synchronized修饰，你就可以理解成就是对当前对应的this进行加锁

synchronized(任意对象)

一句话：锁任意，锁自己
我们再再再再把上述SynchronizedTestBean代码改造一下：

/**
 * 测试synchronized任意对象的类
 */
public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    private String lockStr = new String();

    public synchronized void methodA(){
        try {
            synchronized (lockStr){
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行结束methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

SynchronizedThreadA、SynchronizedThreadB改造为：

public class SynchronizedThreadA extends Thread{
    private SynchronizedTestBean bean;

    public SynchronizedThreadA(SynchronizedTestBean bean) {
        super();
        this.bean = bean;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        bean.methodA();
    }
}

public class SynchronizedThreadB extends Thread{
    private SynchronizedTestBean bean;

    public SynchronizedThreadB(SynchronizedTestBean bean) {
        super();
        this.bean = bean;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        bean.methodA();
    }
}

调用它：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanOne);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1948开始执行methodA times:1521701324345
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1948执行结束methodA times:1521701327346
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1947开始执行methodA times:1521701327346
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-1947执行结束methodA times:1521701330347

可以看到，synchronized(lockStr)在作用一个对象mBeanOne时，锁是有用的。threadA先执行synchronized(lockStr)方法，threadB一直在等待threadA释放synchronized(lockStr)方法，下面看看作用在两个对象时的结果：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;
    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanTwo;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();
        mBeanTwo = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanTwo);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-3482开始执行methodA times:1521702941914
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-3483开始执行methodA times:1521702941917
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-3482执行结束methodA times:1521702944915
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-3483执行结束methodA times:1521702944917

OK，两个对象无效，这不就是和上面的synchronized(this)一样嘛。其实这么测试还不大严谨，你们大可以试试把lockStr对象定义在其他的地方，现在lockStr是全局变量，把它弄成局部变量啥的，多试试，那样才严谨，不过我比较懒嘛，直接给出结论啦，嘿嘿嘿~~

奥，对了，有一点千万千万别搞混了，特做一下说明
再委屈一下SynchronizedTestBean类，因为还要修改它最后一次：

public class SynchronizedTestBean {

    public void methodA(){
        try {
            synchronized (SynchronizedTestBean.class) {
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始执行methodA times:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
                //让该线程睡个3秒再执行
                Thread.sleep(3000);
                Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodA times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void methodB(){
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
        Log.e("eeeee", "线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行结束methodB times:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
    }
}

直接调用：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private SynchronizedTestBean mBeanOne;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBeanOne = new SynchronizedTestBean();

        SynchronizedThreadA threadA = new SynchronizedThreadA(mBeanOne);
        threadA.start();

        SynchronizedThreadB threadB = new SynchronizedThreadB(mBeanOne);
        threadB.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-4497开始执行methodA times:1521703652607
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-4498开始执行methodB times:1521703652611
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-4498执行结束methodB times:1521703652611
E/eeeee: 线程名称:Thread-4497执行结束methodA times:1521703655607

看，synchronized只会影响被它所修饰的方法methodA，methodB没有上锁，所以即使threadA线程在使用mBeanOne对象的methodA方法，这并不排斥threadB使用mBeanOne对象的methodB方法，因为methodB方法没上锁！

Synchronized有很多很多要注意的地方，它的参数只是其中的一小部分。希望在以后慢慢的学习，慢慢的精通，然后再慢慢的补充完善它吧，讲究循序渐进嘛~

Synchronized(***) - 锁什么？

synchronized(*.class)

synchronized锁静态方法

synchronized(this)

synchronized锁普通方法

synchronized(任意对象)

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