Java 线程基本方法
2022-09-02 本文已影响0人
Tinyspot
1. 获取线程名称
- currentThread() 方法可返回代码段正在被哪个线程调用
public static native Thread currentThread()
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("main: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
}
public class MyThread extends Thread {
public MyThread() {
System.out.println("MyThread currentThread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("MyThread thisName: " + this.getName());
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("run currentThread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println("run thisName:" + this.getName());
}
}
运行结果:
main: main
MyThread currentThread: main
MyThread thisName: Thread-0
run currentThread:Thread-0
run thisName:Thread-0
分析:MyThread 类的构造方法是 main 线程调用的,而 run() 方法是 JVM 自动调用的,线程名为 Thread-0
更复杂一点的情况
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
// 将线程对象作为构造参数
Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
thread.setName("thread-demo");
thread.start();
}
运行结果
MyThread currentThread: main
MyThread thisName: Thread-0
run currentThread:thread-demo
run thisName:Thread-0
分析:
this.getName()
代表 MyThread 对象的名称,因 MyThread 对象的名称未设置,所以默认为 Thread-0
2. 基本方法
2.1 sleep()
- 当前线程(currentThread)主动休眠 N 毫秒
public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
2.2 yield()
- 当前线程主动放弃时间片,回到就绪状态,竞争下一次时间片
- public static native void yield();
public class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(this.getName() + ": " + i);
Thread.yield();
}
}
}
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();
thread.start();
thread2.start();
2.3 join()
- 允许其他线程加入到当前线程中,会把当前线程阻塞,直到加入线程执行完毕,当前线程才会执行
- join() 等待线程运行结束
- public final void join() throws InterruptedException {}
public class MyThread extends Thread {
@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println(this.getName() + ": " + i);
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
// 加入当前线程,并阻塞当前线程,直到加入线程执行完毕
thread.join();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": " + i);
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}
2.4 优先级
- 线程优先级为 1~10, 默认为 5,优先级越高,表示获取 CPU 机会越多
- 线程优先级会提示(hint)调度器优先调度该线程,但它仅仅是一个提示,调度器可以忽略它
- 如果 cpu 比较忙,那么优先级高的线程会获得更多的时间片,但 cpu 闲时,优先级几乎没作用
MyThread thread = new MyThread("Thread1");
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread("Thread2");
MyThread thread3 = new MyThread("Thread3");
thread.setPriority(1);
thread3.setPriority(10);
thread.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
3. 守护线程
-
thread.setDaemon(true);
将该线程标记为守护线程 - 线程有两类
- 用户线程(前台线程)
- 守护线程(后台线程)
- 只要有一个用户线程还在运行,Java 进程就不会结束
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
while (true) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}, "t1");
thread.setDaemon(true);
thread.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
System.out.println("main end");
}
3.1 应用
- 如果线程中所有前台线程都执行完毕了,后台线程会自动结束
- JVM 关闭
1,所有的非守护都已经运行结束。
2,调用了System.exit方法。
3,杀死JVM进程
4,通过系统平台发送关闭信号(比如按Ctrl+C) - 应用:
- 垃圾回收器线程就是一种守护线程
- Tomcat 中的 Acceptor 和 Poller 线程都是守护线程,所以 Tomcat 接收到 shutdown 命令后,不会等待它们处理完当前请求
4. 不常用的方法
4.1 getId()
获取线程Id
4.2 dumpStack()
- 获取当前线程的堆栈信息
- public static void dumpStack() {}