Android开发经验谈All Kotlin For U

Kotlin Common篇之 一 SharePreferenc

2019-05-14  本文已影响11人  super_shanks

首发于公众号: DSGtalk1989

我们直接使用最最契合的Kotlin功能点,属性代理来实现

首先我们按照文中所说,先去实现ReadWriteProperty接口。

其中有一个细节点需要注意,我们在属性委托这一章中没有明确的指出ReadWriteProperty两个泛型参数的意义。

/**
* Base interface that can be used for implementing property 
delegates of read-write properties.
*
* This is provided only for convenience; you don't have to extend this 
interface
* as long as your property delegate has methods with the same 
signatures.
*
* @param R the type of object which owns the delegated property.
* @param T the type of the property value.
*/
public interface ReadWriteProperty<in R, T> 

有句话比较重要

This is provided only for convenience

可见只是为了方便,一旦你在内部有了相同的方法就不一定要去实现这个接口。。

OK,我们来看两个泛型参数的解释,R代表持有代理属性的对象类型,T代表代理属性的类型,我们再结合着两个接口的方法来看就很清晰了。

/**
   * Returns the value of the property for the given object.
   * @param thisRef the object for which the value is requested.
   * @param property the metadata for the property.
   * @return the property value.
   */
  public operator fun getValue(thisRef: R, property: KProperty<*>): T

  /**
   * Sets the value of the property for the given object.
   * @param thisRef the object for which the value is requested.
   * @param property the metadata for the property.
   * @param value the value to set.
   */
  public operator fun setValue(thisRef: R, property: KProperty<*>, value: T)

总结一下,property是我们无法改变的, 我们可以修改的就是R和T,那么为了使这个属性代理面向的受众更广泛,我们允许任何的对象去持有这个代理属性,允许代理之后生成任何类型的对象。所以我们看到的代理属性玩法一般是实现接口ReadWriteProperty<Any?,T>

有些同学会问,前面的用Any?不用R,后面的用T不用Any?,这里涉及到泛型的使用体会,什么时候使用泛型什么时候使用Any?或者java中的Object。其实就看我们最终是否需要去使用泛型。

也就说我们并不需要直接把R拿来用,但是我们需要把T拿来用,试想一下,我们T改成Any?,完全没有问题,但是代理的属性瞬间就变成了Any?,如果我们需要的是Stirng或者是Int,就还需要做一层as强转。

OK,此处不再做展开,相信大家对属性代理的两个方法应该有了更深的见解。

好的,所以我们的SharePreferenceDelegate变成了如下这样。

  class SharePreferenceDelegate<T>(private val key: String, private val defaultValue: T) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T>{

      override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
      }
  
      override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, defaultValue: T) {
      }
  }

构造函数的两个参数还是很明显的,跟我们以前玩儿的SharePreference工具类差不多,都是传入一个key和默认的defaultValue

至此属性代理的一步完成了。也就是说接下去我们针对代理的属性,它的每一次的赋值和每一次的取值都会去走代理的方法setValuegetValue

按照我们以往的理解,在取值时,我们需要从SP中将值取到,然后返回出去。在赋值时,我们需要将值存到SP中。

所以方法应该是

@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
  override operator fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
      val prefs = FrameApplication.instance.getSharedPreferences(SpConst.DEFAULT_PKG, MODE_PRIVATE)
      val result : Any =  when (defaultValue){
          is Long -> prefs.getLong(key, defaultValue)
          is String -> prefs.getString(key, defaultValue)
          is Int -> prefs.getInt(key, defaultValue)
          is Boolean -> prefs.getBoolean(key, defaultValue)
          is Float -> prefs.getFloat(key, defaultValue)
          else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Type Error, cannot be got!")
      }
      return result as T
  }

  override operator fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
      val prefs = FrameApplication.instance.getSharedPreferences(SpConst.DEFAULT_PKG, MODE_PRIVATE)
      when (defaultValue){
          is Long -> prefs.edit().putLong(key, defaultValue).apply()
          is String -> prefs.edit().putString(key, defaultValue).apply()
          is Int -> prefs.edit().putInt(key, defaultValue).apply()
          is Boolean -> prefs.edit().putBoolean(key, defaultValue).apply()
          is Float -> prefs.edit().putFloat(key, defaultValue).apply()
          else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Type Error, cannot be saved!")
      }
  }

这里有一些优化的点,比如我们可以把方法进行抽离,显得不那么臃肿;都用的prefs是否需要每次都去初始化;什么时候用apply什么时候用commit

所以最终我们优化过后的SP工具类是这样的

class SharePreferenceDelegate<T>(
      private val key: String,
      private val defaultValue: T,
      private val useCommit: Boolean = false
  ) : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
  
      override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
          return getSharePreferences(key, defaultValue)
      }
  
      override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
          putSharePreferences(key, value)
      }
  
       //延迟属性,只会加载一次
      private val prefs: SharedPreferences by lazy {
          FrameApplication.instance.getSharedPreferences(
              SpConst.DEFAULT_PKG,
              Context.MODE_PRIVATE
          )
      }
  
      @SuppressLint("ApplySharedPref")
      private fun putSharePreferences(name: String, value: T) = with(prefs.edit()) {
          val editor = when (value) {
              is Long -> putLong(name, value)
              is String -> putString(name, value)
              is Int -> putInt(name, value)
              is Boolean -> putBoolean(name, value)
              is Float -> putFloat(name, value)
              else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Type Error, cannot be saved!")
          }
          if (useCommit) editor.commit() else editor.apply()
      }
  
      @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
      private fun getSharePreferences(name: String, default: T): T = with(prefs) {
          val res: Any = when (default) {
              is Long -> getLong(name, default)
              is String -> getString(name, default)
              is Int -> getInt(name, default)
              is Boolean -> getBoolean(name, default)
              is Float -> getFloat(name, default)
              else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Type Error, cannot be got!")
          }
          return res as T
      }
}

当我们需要使用SP的时候,只需要像一般调用一样取值和赋值就可以了。

var a by SharePreferenceDelegate("111", "222")
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
     setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
     a = "2"
}

轻松加愉快!


多唠叨一句,这里有个注意点,我们看到在prefs的初始化中使用到了application的单例FrameApplication.instance。来看下具体的代码

class FrameApplication : Application() {

       companion object {
           var instance: FrameApplication by Delegates.notNull()
       }
   
       override fun onCreate() {
           super.onCreate()
           instance = this
       }
   }

这里有个Delegates.notNull(),我们看下注释。

/**
* Returns a property delegate for a read/write property with a non-`null` value that is initialized not during
* object construction time but at a later time. Trying to read the property before the initial value has been
* assigned results in an exception.
*/

做一个属性代理,代理的约束是必须先初始化,才能拿来使用。有点像lateinit var。从他的代码中也很明显可以看得出来。

private class NotNullVar<T : Any>() : ReadWriteProperty<Any?, T> {
       private var value: T? = null
   
       public override fun getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T {
           return value ?: throw IllegalStateException("Property ${property.name} should be initialized before get.")
       }
   
       public override fun setValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>, value: T) {
           this.value = value
       }
   }

白话一点,我们可以直接把java中的代码

private static FrameApplication instance;

转化成

companion object {
       var instance: FrameApplication by Delegates.notNull()
}

以上。

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