Java 杂谈

IntegerCache面试题

2018-08-07  本文已影响21人  AubreyXue

前两天去面试,面试题如下:

/**
 * IntegerCache
 * @author hrabbit
 */
public class IntegerCache {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Integer a=100,b=100,c=200,d=200;

        System.out.println(a==b);
        System.out.println(c==d);
    }
}

输出的结果为:

true
false

看到这里有的小伙伴可能比较疑惑了,我们知道==比较的是对象的引用,那这里为什么会这出这种情况呢?

原理

首先这是JDK在1.5版本中添加的一项新特性,把-128~127的数字缓存起来了,用于提升性能和节省内存。所以这个范围内的自动装箱(相当于调用valueOf(int i)方法)的数字都会从缓存中获取,返回同一个数字,所以现在你理解为什么了吧。同时这也会给我们开发带来预想不到的陷阱,直得注意!!

我们来翻看下jdk中Integer的源码


    /**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

上面是IntegerCache的源码,把从-128~high放在缓存中

/**
     * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     * caching frequently requested values.
     *
     * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
     * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
     *
     * @param  i an {@code int} value.
     * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
     * @since  1.5
     */
    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

上面是valueOf的源码,先从缓存中获取,获取不到再new一个返回。

但是为什么JDK要这么多此一举呢? 我们仔细想想, 淘宝的商品大多数都是100以内的价格, 一天后台服务器会new多少个这个的Integer, 用了IntegerCache,就减少了new的时间也就提升了效率。同时JDK还提供cache中high值得可配置,

这无疑提高了灵活性,方便对JVM进行优化。

但是面试官的接下来一问,把我问懵了,既然IntegerCache的最大值是一个变量,那么如何修改IntegerCache的最大值呢?

最后还是面试官告诉我的,通过在VM args中改了一下即可修改

image.png
-Djava.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=500

这时候测试发现上面的代码输出变成了:

true
true
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