IntegerCache面试题
2018-08-07 本文已影响21人
AubreyXue
前两天去面试,面试题如下:
/**
* IntegerCache
* @author hrabbit
*/
public class IntegerCache {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer a=100,b=100,c=200,d=200;
System.out.println(a==b);
System.out.println(c==d);
}
}
输出的结果为:
true
false
看到这里有的小伙伴可能比较疑惑了,我们知道==比较的是对象的引用,那这里为什么会这出这种情况呢?
原理
首先这是JDK在1.5版本中添加的一项新特性,把-128~127的数字缓存起来了,用于提升性能和节省内存。所以这个范围内的自动装箱(相当于调用valueOf(int i)方法)的数字都会从缓存中获取,返回同一个数字,所以现在你理解为什么了吧。同时这也会给我们开发带来预想不到的陷阱,直得注意!!
我们来翻看下jdk中Integer的源码
/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
private IntegerCache() {}
}
上面是IntegerCache的源码,把从-128~high放在缓存中
/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value. If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
上面是valueOf的源码,先从缓存中获取,获取不到再new一个返回。
但是为什么JDK要这么多此一举呢? 我们仔细想想, 淘宝的商品大多数都是100以内的价格, 一天后台服务器会new多少个这个的Integer, 用了IntegerCache,就减少了new的时间也就提升了效率。同时JDK还提供cache中high值得可配置,
这无疑提高了灵活性,方便对JVM进行优化。
但是面试官的接下来一问,把我问懵了,既然IntegerCache的最大值是一个变量,那么如何修改IntegerCache的最大值呢?
最后还是面试官告诉我的,通过在VM args中改了一下即可修改
image.png-Djava.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=500
这时候测试发现上面的代码输出变成了:
true
true