Mac配置Ruby环境和安装Cocoapods
2021-04-13 本文已影响0人
弹吉他的少年
安装ruby环境
安装RVM
RVM 是一个命令行工具，可以提供一个便捷的多版本 Ruby 环境的管理和切换
1.打开终端安装rvm，安装代码
curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
image
2.查看rvm是否安装成功
rvm -v
备注：如果出现查找不到的情况，可以关闭终端再次打开
成功会看到如下：
rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]
安装Homebrew
Mac上的软件包管理工具
1.安装代码
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
备注：这里需要输入你的电脑密码进行安装，然后就是漫长的等待。最好挂个代理下载的快。
安装Ruby环境
1.列出已有的ruby:
rvm list known
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2.安装
brew rvm install 3.0.0 # 我选择安装的最新版本
成功大致如下:
ruby-3.0.0 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-3.0.0 - #complete
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
安装成功后，我们让其在本地环境中生效：
rbenv shell 3.0.0
3.查询已经安装的ruby
rvm list
4.设置 Ruby 版本
RVM 装好以后，需要执行下面的命令将指定版本的 Ruby 设置为系统默认版本
rvm 3.0.0 --default
5.查看是否设置正确
ruby -v
大致如下：ruby 3.0.0p0 (2020-12-25 revision 95aff21468) [x86_64-darwin20]
6.切换Source源，替换Ruby源
因为Ruby的默认源使用的是cocoapods.org，国内访问这个网址有时候会有问题，通常解决方案是将远替换成国内Ruby镜像
删除原有源
gem source -r https://rubygems.org/
更新新源
gem source -a https://gems.ruby-china.com
验证是否替换成功
gem sources -l
输出如下结果表示替换成功:
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://gems.ruby-china.com/
7.更新升级Gem版本，Gem是来管理Ruby标准包
sudo gem update --system
mac OS 10.11之后
sudo gem update -n /usr/local/bin —system
安装Cocoapods
第一种：使用Homebrew安装，直接终端输入：
brew install cocoapods
成功大致如下：
Warning: Treating cocoapods as a formula. For the cask, use homebrew/cask/cocoapods
==> **Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/cocoapods/manifests/1.11.2_1**
Already downloaded: /Users/aba/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/d6cda7b7f4a10f3f41627eef16cb4deb95fa5a828a64ad48b98bd46db3d6e97c--cocoapods-1.11.2_1.bottle_manifest.json
==> **Downloading https://ghcr.io/v2/homebrew/core/cocoapods/blobs/sha256:4eb89ca73f311a1e0c52a0b72d22**
Already downloaded: /Users/aba/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/738e83a462b9a0cec78a37271267ae01966cc849a57449726dee8f426fa8739f--cocoapods--1.11.2_1.monterey.bottle.tar.gz
==> **Reinstalling** **cocoapods******
==> **Pouring cocoapods--1.11.2_1.monterey.bottle.tar.gz**
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/cocoapods/1.11.2_1: 14,105 files, 29.8MB
查看cocoapods版本
pod --version
1.11.2 # 我的cocoapods版本
检查更新
- 更新brew仓库，原理就是从github上拉去一下brew-core的最新代码
brew update
- 检查更新
brew outdated cocoapods # cocoapods (1.9.1) < 1.9.3
更新cocoapods
brew upgrade cocoapods
第二种：采用Gem安装，直接终端输入：
1.安装cocoapods
sudo gem install cocoapods
mac OS 10.11之后
sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods
成功大致如下：
Fetching cocoapods-1.11.2.gem
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.11.2
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.11.2
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.11.2
Done installing documentation for cocoapods after 2 seconds
1 gem installed
如果出现如下情况
ERROR: While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /usr/bin directory.
解决方案：
sudo gem install cocoapods -n /usr/local/bin
2.将Github上的Pod托管的Podspec索引都安装到本地
pod setup
- 如果上述命令执行后什么都没做，则自己手动添加索引库
pod repo add master https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
如果出现该问题，克隆失败
Cloning spec repo `master` from `https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git`
[!] /usr/local/bin/git clone https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git -- master
\
正克隆到 'master'...
fatal: 无法访问 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git/'：LibreSSL SSL_connect: Operation timed out in connection to github.com:443
- 方案一：该问题就说明网络不好，则再次执行上述命令
- 方案二：Cocoapods的GitHub下载zip，然后解压到
~/.cocoapods/repos/master目录下
备注：command + G，输入文件目录
3.查看索引是否配置成功
pod repo list
cocoapods
- Type: git (remotes/origin/master)
- URL: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
- Path: /Users/aba/.cocoapods/repos/cocoapods
master
- Type: git (master)
- URL: https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git
- Path: /Users/aba/.cocoapods/repos/master
卸载CocoaPods
移除pod组件
1.查看pod位置
which pod
2.删除
sudo rm -rf 路径地址
备注：-rf表示递归和强制，切记不要乱使用rm -rf /，否则你的系统就全没了，哈哈哈！！！
3.查看是否卸载成功
pod version
移除RubyGems中的CocoaPods程序包
1.查看gem当中的程序包
gem list
大致会看到如下结果
image
2.移除程序包
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods
移除指定程序包
sudo gem uninstall cocoapods -v 0、1.9.3
安装Xcode插件
插件包Alcatraz
1.安装插件包
mkdir -p ~/Library/Application\Support/Developer/Shared/Xcode/Plug-ins;curl -L http://git.io/lOQWeA | tar xvz -C ~/Library/Application\Support/Developer/Shared/Xcode/Plug-ins
2.卸载
rm -rf ~/Library/Application\Support/Developer/Shared/Xcode/Plug-ins/Alcatraz.xcpluginrm -rf ~/Library/Application\Support/Alcatraz
GitHub配置SSH keys
生成SSH keys
1.打开终端执行如下命令：
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"
2.配置密码流程，不过我一般都不会设置密码，麻烦。
如果设置了密码每次提交代码都要让你输入密码，因此直接回车完事
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/mac/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/mac/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /Users/mac/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
3.获取SSH key
pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
此时已将密钥复制在剪切板，直接去GitHub里面Settings->SSH and GPG keys -> New SSH key -> Key 粘贴进去保存即可。
4.查看本地SSH密钥
ls -al ~/.ssh
5.删除本地SSH密钥
rm ~/.ssh/被删除密钥名
例如：rm ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa.pub
