编写高质量代码的52个有效方法

52个有效方法(21) - 理解Objective-C的错误模型

2018-09-05  本文已影响8人  SkyMing一C

事实上,OC是具备异常处理机制的,但是具体情况下不会启用该机制。

ARC默认不是“异常安全”的。如果抛出异常,那么本应该在作用域末尾释放的对象在现在不能自动释放了。如果想生成“异常安全”的代码,需要设置编译标志“-fobjc-arc-exceptions”,并且需要引入额外的代码,在不抛出异常时,也照样执行这段代码。

即使不用ARC,也很难在抛出异常后不会导致内存泄露。
例如:

id resource = [YCResource alloc] init] retain];
    if (/*有异常发生*/) { 
    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:@"/*异常名称*/" reason@"/*异常原因*/" userInfo:nil];
    }
    [resource callSomeMethod];
    [resource release];

只有在极其罕见的情况下跑出异常,异常抛出之后,无需考虑恢复问题,而且应用程序此时也应该退出。

例如:OC中没有抽象类,所以无法定义抽象方法,此时,如果你想定义一套抽象 的API,那么可以在方法的实现中抛出异常,告诉使用者需要覆写该方法

- (void)absructMethd {
    NSString exceptionReason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ must be overridden", NSStringFromSelector(_cmd)];
    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInternalInnconsistencyException reson:exceptionReason userInfo:nil];
}

在出现"不那么严重的错误"(nonfatal error, 非致命错误)时,Objective-C语言所用的编程范式为: 令方法返回nil/0,或是使用NSError,以表明其中有错误发生。
OC的范式是:另方法返回0/nil,或者使用NSError。

NSError

NSErro使用起来非常灵活,我们使用它告诉调用者发生了什么错误。

//两种初始化方法:其中,domain 不能为空 dict可以为空
- (instancetype)initWithDomain:(NSErrorDomain)domain code:(NSInteger)code userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)dict;

+ (instancetype)errorWithDomain:(NSErrorDomain)domain code:(NSInteger)code userInfo:(nullable NSDictionary *)dict;

@property (readonly, copy) NSErrorDomain domain;//错误域

@property (readonly) NSInteger code;//错误代码

@property (readonly, copy) NSDictionary *userInfo;//错误信息


@property (readonly, copy) NSString *localizedDescription;//获取本地化描述


@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *localizedFailureReason;//获取失败原因


@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *localizedRecoverySuggestion;//获取恢复建议


@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSArray<NSString *> *localizedRecoveryOptions;本地恢复建议


@property (nullable, readonly, strong) id recoveryAttempter;


@property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSString *helpAnchor;
NSError构成
Foundation Constants Reference
NSError Codes

NSError codes in the Cocoa error domain.

enum {
    NSFileNoSuchFileError = 4,
    NSFileLockingError = 255,
    NSFileReadUnknownError = 256,
    NSFileReadNoPermissionError = 257,
    NSFileReadInvalidFileNameError = 258,
    NSFileReadCorruptFileError = 259,
    NSFileReadNoSuchFileError = 260,
    NSFileReadInapplicableStringEncodingError = 261,
    NSFileReadUnsupportedSchemeError = 262,
    NSFileReadTooLargeError = 263,
    NSFileReadUnknownStringEncodingError = 264,
    NSFileWriteUnknownError = 512,
    NSFileWriteNoPermissionError = 513,
    NSFileWriteInvalidFileNameError = 514,
    NSFileWriteInapplicableStringEncodingError = 517,
    NSFileWriteUnsupportedSchemeError = 518,
    NSFileWriteOutOfSpaceError = 640,
    NSFileWriteVolumeReadOnlyError = 642m
    NSKeyValueValidationError = 1024,
    NSFormattingError = 2048,
    NSUserCancelledError = 3072,
    
    NSFileErrorMinimum = 0,
    NSFileErrorMaximum = 1023,
    NSValidationErrorMinimum = 1024,
    NSValidationErrorMaximum = 2047,
    NSFormattingErrorMinimum = 2048,
    NSFormattingErrorMaximum = 2559,
    
    NSPropertyListReadCorruptError = 3840,
    NSPropertyListReadUnknownVersionError = 3841,
    NSPropertyListReadStreamError = 3842,
    NSPropertyListWriteStreamError = 3851,
    NSPropertyListErrorMinimum = 3840,
    NSPropertyListErrorMaximum = 4095
    
    NSExecutableErrorMinimum = 3584,
    NSExecutableNotLoadableError = 3584,
    NSExecutableArchitectureMismatchError = 3585,
    NSExecutableRuntimeMismatchError = 3586,
    NSExecutableLoadError = 3587,
    NSExecutableLinkError = 3588,
    NSExecutableErrorMaximum = 3839,
    
}
URL Loading System Error Codes

These values are returned as the error code property of an NSError object with the domain “NSURLErrorDomain”.

typedef enum
{
    NSURLErrorUnknown = -1,
    NSURLErrorCancelled = -999,
    NSURLErrorBadURL = -1000,
    NSURLErrorTimedOut = -1001,
    NSURLErrorUnsupportedURL = -1002,
    NSURLErrorCannotFindHost = -1003,
    NSURLErrorCannotConnectToHost = -1004,
    NSURLErrorDataLengthExceedsMaximum = -1103,
    NSURLErrorNetworkConnectionLost = -1005,
    NSURLErrorDNSLookupFailed = -1006,
    NSURLErrorHTTPTooManyRedirects = -1007,
    NSURLErrorResourceUnavailable = -1008,
    NSURLErrorNotConnectedToInternet = -1009,
    NSURLErrorRedirectToNonExistentLocation = -1010,
    NSURLErrorBadServerResponse = -1011,
    NSURLErrorUserCancelledAuthentication = -1012,
    NSURLErrorUserAuthenticationRequired = -1013,
    NSURLErrorZeroByteResource = -1014,
    NSURLErrorCannotDecodeRawData = -1015,
    NSURLErrorCannotDecodeContentData = -1016,
    NSURLErrorCannotParseResponse = -1017,
    NSURLErrorFileDoesNotExist = -1100,
    NSURLErrorFileIsDirectory = -1101,
    NSURLErrorNoPermissionsToReadFile = -1102,
    NSURLErrorSecureConnectionFailed = -1200,
    NSURLErrorServerCertificateHasBadDate = -1201,
    NSURLErrorServerCertificateUntrusted = -1202,
    NSURLErrorServerCertificateHasUnknownRoot = -1203,
    NSURLErrorServerCertificateNotYetValid = -1204,
    NSURLErrorClientCertificateRejected = -1205,
    NSURLErrorClientCertificateRequired = -1206,
    NSURLErrorCannotLoadFromNetwork = -2000,
    NSURLErrorCannotCreateFile = -3000,
    NSURLErrorCannotOpenFile = -3001,
    NSURLErrorCannotCloseFile = -3002,
    NSURLErrorCannotWriteToFile = -3003,
    NSURLErrorCannotRemoveFile = -3004,
    NSURLErrorCannotMoveFile = -3005,
    NSURLErrorDownloadDecodingFailedMidStream = -3006,
    NSURLErrorDownloadDecodingFailedToComplete = -3007
}
NSError应用场景类型
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;
- (BOOL)doSomething:(NSError *)error;

/*使用方法*/
NSError *error = nil;
BOOL ret = [slef doSomething:&error];
/**
因为 需要将error 传入后修改其值,然后再返回来,返回来后还要保证己经修改过了。
&error传入是传的地址引用,传入后处理函数直接访问变量的地址,可以修改其值再返回同一个地址, 调用函数就可以知道值是否有修改,即是否有错。
而error传入是传的值引用,值引用传入到程序栈中后其实是把原来的值复制了一份传过去,处理函数可以修改,但无法将改后的值传出函数体。
*/
if (ret) {
        // 处理错误
}
要点
  1. 只有发生了可使整个应用程序崩溃的严重错误时,才应使用异常。

  2. 在错误不那么严重的情况下,可以指派“委托方法”(delegate method)来处理错误,也可以把错误信息放在NSError对象里,经由“输出参数”返回给开发者。

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