Android网络请求

2018-10-20 本文已影响12人安卓小白之小楼又东风

android网络请求

标签（空格分隔）： android

webview的用法
MainActivity

webview.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);//支持js语法网页注入
webview.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());//网页跳转时内容依然在webview中显示
webview.loadUrl("传入的网址");

需要添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

HTTP协议
1、HttpURLConnection
布局文件

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_request"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send Request"/>//请求数据按钮
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/request_text"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />//呈现内容
    </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.Buffer;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    TextView textView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.request_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);//设置点击事件
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if(v.getId() == R.id.send_request){
            sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
        }
    }
    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {//开启xian
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                try{
                    URL url = new URL("https://www.baidu.com");//新建URL
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();//发起网络请求
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");//请求方式
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);//连接最大时间
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);//读取最大时间
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));//写入reader
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null){
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());//更新ui
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if(reader != null){
                        try{
                            reader.close();
                        }catch (IOException e){
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if(connection != null){
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void showResponse(final String response){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView.setText(response);//设置TextView的内容
            }
        });
    }
}

由于网络请求是以个耗时任务我们需要开启线程，去处理耗时请求，然后更新ui，网络权限别忘了.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

如图

2、运用第三方框架OKHttp
在app/build.gradle添加(这个版本号需要根据官网的版本来)

 implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'

布局文件不需要进行改动
MainActivity

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.Buffer;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    TextView textView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.request_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if(v.getId() == R.id.send_request){
            sendRequestWithOkHttp();
        }
    }
    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try{
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();//新建一个OKHttp的对象
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("https://www.baidu.com")
                            .build();//创建一个Request对象
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();//发送请求获取返回数据
                    String responseData = response.body().string();//处理返回的数据
                    showResponse(responseData);//更新ui
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void showResponse(final String response){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
}

用三方框架是不是很舒服呀！

解析json对象
1、使用JSONObject

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.Buffer;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    TextView textView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest = (Button)findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.request_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if(v.getId() == R.id.send_request){
            sendRequestWithOkHttp();
        }
    }
    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try{
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("https://news-at.zhihu.com/api/4/news/9660723")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData = response.body().string();
                    parseJSONWithJSONObject(responseData);//调用json解析的方法
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData){
        try{
            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonData);//新建json对象实例
            JSONObject jsonObject1 = jsonObject.getJSONObject("section");
            String name = jsonObject1.getString("id");//取得其名字的值，一般是字符串
            showResponse(name);//设置ui变化
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private void showResponse(final String response){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                textView.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
}

所用json(api接口)

{
    "image_source": "《武林外传》",
    "title": "瞎扯 · 如何正确地吐槽",
    "image": "https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-5ed365007e0b9795529b22ef78144c86.jpg",
    "share_url": "http://daily.zhihu.com/story/9660723",
    "js": [],
    "ga_prefix": "121306",
    "section": {
        "thumbnail": "https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-abe3c9ea2cdfe8051ea36154d30b4989.jpg",
        "id": 2,
        "name": "瞎扯"
    },
    "images": [
        "https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-f69d4dc9fcee245c940acb0dabe43f2a.jpg"
    ],
    "type": 0,
    "id": 9660723,
    "css": [
        "http://news-at.zhihu.com/css/news_qa.auto.css?v=4b3e3"
    ]
}

{}代表一个json对象，[]代表一个json数组，一般使用String类型解析。

JSONObject jsonObject1 = new JSONObject(jsonData);
JSONObject jsonObject2 = jsonObject1.getJSONObject("selection");
String name = jsonObject2.getString("name");

这就解析出 "name":"瞎扯"。
2、用GSON（第三方库，还不是特别了解）
主要代码是
App类：

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

public class App {
    private String _id;
    private String title;

    public String get_id() {
        return _id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void set_id(String _id) {
        this._id = _id;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
}

private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData){
        try{
            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonData);
            JSONArray jsonObject1 = jsonObject.getJSONArray("results");
            Gson gson = new Gson();//实例化gson
            List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(jsonObject1.toString(),new TypeToken<List<App>>(){}.getType());//新建集合并关联Json对象
            for(App app : appList){
                showResponse(app.get_id()+app.getTitle());//forEach方法
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
    }

一些实例
对网络请求进行封装
HttpUtil

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;

public class HttpUtil {
    //HttpURLConnction
     public static void sendHttpRequest(final String address,final HttpCallBackListener listener){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                try{
                    URL url = new URL(address);
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(4000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(4000);
                    connection.setDoInput(true);
                    connection.setDoOutput(true);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null){
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    if(listener != null){
                        listener.onFinish(response.toString());
                    }
                }catch (Exception e){
                    if(listener != null){
                        listener.onError(e);
                    }
                }finally {
                    if(connection != null){
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
     }
     //OKHttp
    public static  void sendOKHttp(String address,okhttp3.Callback callback){
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(address)
                .build();
        client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback);
    }
}

接口（HttpURLConnection方法需要）

package com.example.administrator.webviewtest;

public interface HttpCallBackListener {
    void onFinish(String response);
    void onError(Exception e);
}

调用时

 //HttpURLConnection方法封装
            HttpUtil.sendHttpRequest("https://www.baidu.com", new HttpCallBackListener() {
                @Override
                public void onFinish(String response) {

                }

                @Override
                public void onError(Exception e) {

                }
            });
            
            //okHttp方法
           HttpUtil.sendOKHttp("https://www.baidu.com",new okhttp3.Callback(){
                       @Override
                       public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) {

                       }

                       @Override
                       public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {

                       }
                   }
           );

github地址点这里

Android网络请求

android网络请求

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