iOS 图片压缩

压缩图片有两种方式

（1）压缩图片尺寸(Size) （2）压缩图片质量(Quality)

1、第一种是压缩图片的尺寸，如下：

/**  
 压缩图片到指定尺寸大小  
 @param image 原始图片  
 @param size  目标大小  
 @return 生成图片  
 */  
- (UIImage *)compressOriginalImage:(UIImage *)image toSize:(CGSize)size {  

    if (!image) {
        return image;
    }

    UIImage * resultImage = image;  
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);  
    [resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];  
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();  
   
    return image;  
}  

2、第二种是压缩图片质量

2.1 循环遍历压缩，如下：

/**  
压缩图片到指定文件大小  
@param image 目标图片  
@param size  目标大小（最大值）  
@return 返回的图片文件  
 */  

- (NSData *)compressOriginalImage:(UIImage *)image toMaxDataSizeKBytes:(CGFloat)size { 
   
    if (!image) {
        return image;
    }
    if (size < 1) {
        return image;
    }

    NSData * data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1.0);  
    CGFloat dataKBytes = data.length/1024.0;  

    if (data.length < maxLength) return data;

    CGFloat maxQuality = 0.9f;  
    CGFloat lastData = dataKBytes;  

    while (dataKBytes > size && maxQuality > 0.01f) {  
        maxQuality = maxQuality - 0.01f;  
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, maxQuality);  
        dataKBytes = data.length / 1024.0;  
      
        if (lastData == dataKBytes) break;  
        else
            lastData = dataKBytes;  
    }  
    return data;  
}  

2.2 二分法质量压缩

# 2.2.1 #
+ (UIImage *)compressImageQuality:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSInteger)maxLength {
    CGFloat compression = 1;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
    if (data.length < maxLength) return image;
    CGFloat max = 1;
    CGFloat min = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        compression = (max + min) / 2;
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
        if (data.length < maxLength * 0.9) {
            min = compression;
        } else if (data.length > maxLength) {
            max = compression;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    UIImage *resultImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    return resultImage;
}

# 2.2.2 #
static func compressImageQuality(_ image: UIImage, toByte maxLength: Int) -> UIImage {
    var compression: CGFloat = 1
    guard var data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression),
        data.count > maxLength else { return image }
    
    var max: CGFloat = 1
    var min: CGFloat = 0
    for _ in 0..<6 {
        compression = (max + min) / 2
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression)!
        if CGFloat(data.count) < CGFloat(maxLength) * 0.9 {
            min = compression
        } else if data.count > maxLength {
            max = compression
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    return UIImage(data: data)!
}

注： 当图片大小小于 maxLength，大于 maxLength * 0.9 时，不再继续压缩。最多压缩 6 次，1/(2^6) = 0.015625 < 0.02，也能达到每次循环 compression 减小 0.02 的效果。这样的压缩次数比循环减小 compression 少，耗时短。需要注意的是，当图片质量低于一定程度时，继续压缩没有效果。也就是说，compression 继续减小，data 也不再继续减小。压缩图片质量的优点在于，尽可能保留图片清晰度，图片不会明显模糊；缺点在于，不能保证图片压缩后小于指定大小。

2.3 二分法压缩通过压缩图片尺寸，将图片压缩至指定大小

与之前类似，比较容易想到的方法是，通过循环逐渐减小图片尺寸，直到图片稍小于指定大小(maxLength)。具体代码省略。同样的问题是循环次数多，效率低，耗时长。可以用二分法来提高效率，具体代码省略。这里介绍另外一种方法，比二分法更好，压缩次数少，而且可以使图片压缩后刚好小于指定大小(不只是 < maxLength， > maxLength * 0.9)。

+ (UIImage *)compressImageSize:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSUInteger)maxLength {
    UIImage *resultImage = image;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, 1);
    NSUInteger lastDataLength = 0;
    while (data.length > maxLength && data.length != lastDataLength) {
        lastDataLength = data.length;
        CGFloat ratio = (CGFloat)maxLength / data.length;
        CGSize size = CGSizeMake((NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.width * sqrtf(ratio)),
                                 (NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.height * sqrtf(ratio))); // Use NSUInteger to prevent white blank
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
        // Use image to draw (drawInRect:), image is larger but more compression time
        // Use result image to draw, image is smaller but less compression time
        [resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, 1);
    }
    return resultImage;
}


static func compressImageSize(_ image: UIImage, toByte maxLength: Int) -> UIImage {
    guard var data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, 1) else { return image }
    
    var resultImage: UIImage = image
    var lastDataLength: Int = 0
    while data.count > maxLength, data.count != lastDataLength {
        lastDataLength = data.count
        let ratio: CGFloat = CGFloat(maxLength) / CGFloat(data.count)
        let size: CGSize = CGSize(width: Int(resultImage.size.width * sqrt(ratio)),
                                height: Int(resultImage.size.height * sqrt(ratio)))
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size)
        resultImage.draw(in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: size.width, height: size.height))
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, 1)!
    }
    return resultImage
}

[resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];是用新图 resultImage 绘制，也可以用原图 image 来绘制。用原图绘制，压缩后图片更接近指定大小，但是压缩次数较多，耗时较长。一张大小为 6064 KB 的图片，压缩图片尺寸，原图绘制与新图绘制结果如下

指定大小(KB)	原图绘制压缩后大小(KB)	原图绘制压缩次数	新图绘制压缩后大小(KB)	新图绘制压缩次数
500	498	6	498	3
300	299	4	296	3
100	99	5	98	3
50	49	6	48	3

两种绘制方法压缩后大小很接近，与指定大小也很接近，但原图绘制压缩次数可达到新图绘制压缩次数的两倍。建议使用新图绘制，减少压缩次数。压缩后图片明显比压缩质量模糊。

需要注意的是绘制尺寸的代码 CGSize size = CGSizeMake((NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.width * sqrtf(ratio)), (NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.height * sqrtf(ratio)));，每次绘制的尺寸 size，要把宽 width 和 高 height 转换为整数，防止绘制出的图片有白边。

压缩图片尺寸可以使图片小于指定大小，但会使图片明显模糊(比压缩图片质量模糊)。

2.4 两种图片压缩方法结合

如果要保证图片清晰度，建议选择压缩图片质量。如果要使图片一定小于指定大小，压缩图片尺寸可以满足。对于后一种需求，还可以先压缩图片质量，如果已经小于指定大小，就可得到清晰的图片，否则再压缩图片尺寸。

+ (UIImage *)compressImage:(UIImage *)image toByte:(NSUInteger)maxLength {
    // Compress by quality
    CGFloat compression = 1;
    NSData *data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
    if (data.length < maxLength) return image;
    
    CGFloat max = 1;
    CGFloat min = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
        compression = (max + min) / 2;
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression);
        if (data.length < maxLength * 0.9) {
            min = compression;
        } else if (data.length > maxLength) {
            max = compression;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    UIImage *resultImage = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
    if (data.length < maxLength) return resultImage;
    
    // Compress by size
    NSUInteger lastDataLength = 0;
    while (data.length > maxLength && data.length != lastDataLength) {
        lastDataLength = data.length;
        CGFloat ratio = (CGFloat)maxLength / data.length;
        CGSize size = CGSizeMake((NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.width * sqrtf(ratio)),
                                 (NSUInteger)(resultImage.size.height * sqrtf(ratio))); // Use NSUInteger to prevent white blank
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
        [resultImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, compression);
    }
    
    return resultImage;
}


static func compressImage(_ image: UIImage, toByte maxLength: Int) -> UIImage {
    var compression: CGFloat = 1
    guard var data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression),
        data.count > maxLength else { return image }
    
    // Compress by size
    var max: CGFloat = 1
    var min: CGFloat = 0
    for _ in 0..<6 {
        compression = (max + min) / 2
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, compression)!
        if CGFloat(data.count) < CGFloat(maxLength) * 0.9 {
            min = compression
        } else if data.count > maxLength {
            max = compression
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    var resultImage: UIImage = UIImage(data: data)!
    if data.count < maxLength { return resultImage }
    
    // Compress by size
    var lastDataLength: Int = 0
    while data.count > maxLength, data.count != lastDataLength {
        lastDataLength = data.count
        let ratio: CGFloat = CGFloat(maxLength) / CGFloat(data.count)
        let size: CGSize = CGSize(width: Int(resultImage.size.width * sqrt(ratio)),
                                height: Int(resultImage.size.height * sqrt(ratio)))
        UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size)
        resultImage.draw(in: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: size.width, height: size.height))
        resultImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext()!
        UIGraphicsEndImageContext()
        data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(resultImage, compression)!
    }
    return resultImage
}