iOS开发——系统原生的二维码扫描
对于现在的App应用来说,扫描二维码这个功能是再正常不过的一个功能了,在早期开发这些功能的时候,大家或多或少的都接触过ZXing和ZBar这类的第三方库,但从iOS7以后,苹果就给我们提供了系统原生的API来支持我们扫描获取二维码,ZXing和ZBar在使用中或多或少有不尽如人意的地方,再之停止更新很久了,所以今天我们就来聊聊如何用系统原生的方法扫描获取二维码。
相机权限
众所周知,在使用App扫一扫功能的时候,获取相机权限是第一步要做的事情,而编写代码的时候也是一样,首先我们要判断用户是否已经授权能够访问相机。相机的授权是一组枚举值
- 授权枚举值
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, AVAuthorizationStatus) {
AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined = 0, //当前还没有确认是否授权
AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted,
AVAuthorizationStatusDenied,
AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized
} NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
而这样一组枚举值,首先我们要判断AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined是否已经授权,而判断授权情况的方法就是
- 判断授权方法
AVAuthorizationStatus authorizationStatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
- 完整的授权逻辑
switch (authorizationStatus) {
case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
if (granted) {
[self initQRScanView];
[self setupCapture];
}else{
NSLog(@"%@",@"访问受限");
}
}];
break;
}
case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: {
NSLog(@"%@",@"访问受限");
break;
}
case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:{
//获得权限
break;
}
default:
break;
}
上面这段代码,就是在完成授权方法之后的一段完整的Switch条件判断授权的逻辑代码,而当你获得权限时,可以在里面写下你想要进一步运行的方法。
扫码
扫码是使用系统原生的AVCaptureSession类来发起的,这个类在官方文档中给出的解释是AVFundation框架中Capture类的中枢,起到管理协调的作用,而扫码是一个从摄像头(input)到 解析出字符串(output) 的过程,用AVCaptureSession 来协调。其中是通过 AVCaptureConnection 来连接各个 input 和 output,还可以用它来控制 input 和 output 的 数据流向。
- 创建扫描代码
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
AVCaptureSession * session= [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
AVCaptureDevice *device = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
NSError *error;
AVCaptureDeviceInput *deviceInput = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:device error:&error];
if (deviceInput) {
[session addInput:deviceInput];
AVCaptureMetadataOutput *metadataOutput = [[AVCaptureMetadataOutput alloc] init];
[metadataOutput setMetadataObjectsDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
[session addOutput:metadataOutput];
metadataOutput.metadataObjectTypes = @[AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode];
AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *previewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc] initWithSession:session];
previewLayer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
previewLayer.frame = self.view.frame;
[self.view.layer insertSublayer:previewLayer atIndex:0];
CGFloat screenHeight = ScreenSize.height;
CGFloat screenWidth = ScreenSize.width;
self.scanRect = CGRectMake((screenWidth - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width) / 2,
(screenHeight - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height) / 2,
TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width,
TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height);
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:AVCaptureInputPortFormatDescriptionDidChangeNotification
object:nil
queue:[NSOperationQueue currentQueue]
usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
[metadataOutput setRectOfInterest:CGRectMake(
weakSelf.scanRect.origin.y / screenHeight,
weakSelf.scanRect.origin.x / screenWidth,
weakSelf.scanRect.size.height / screenHeight,
weakSelf.scanRect.size.width / screenWidth)];
//如果不设置 整个屏幕都会扫描
}];
[session startRunning];
}else{
NSLog(@"error = %@",error);
}
});
}
中间CGRect的设置,是我想根据现在大多数产品的二维码扫描规则,定义个一个框扫描,这个我们在后面也会说到。
扫描框
扫码时 previewLayer 的扫描范围是整个可视范围的,但有些需求可能需要指定扫描的区域,虽然我觉得这样很没有必要,因为整个屏幕都可以扫又何必指定到某个框呢?但如果真的需要这么做可以设定 metadataOutput 的 rectOfInterest。
- 设置二维码扫描框 这段代码已经集成在上面的代码中,这里单独列出来只是给大家看一下,若是要复制使用的话,这段可不用复制
CGFloat screenHeight = ScreenSize.height;
CGFloat screenWidth = ScreenSize.width;
self.scanRect = CGRectMake((screenWidth - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width) / 2,
(screenHeight - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height) / 2,
TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width,
TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height);
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:AVCaptureInputPortFormatDescriptionDidChangeNotification
object:nil
queue:[NSOperationQueue currentQueue]
usingBlock:^(NSNotification * _Nonnull note) {
[metadataOutput setRectOfInterest:CGRectMake(
weakSelf.scanRect.origin.y / screenHeight,
weakSelf.scanRect.origin.x / screenWidth,
weakSelf.scanRect.size.height / screenHeight,
weakSelf.scanRect.size.width / screenWidth)];
//如果不设置 整个屏幕都会扫描
}];
这个self.scanRect是我先前定义的一个二维码扫描框的尺寸,而赋值我们在现在已经为他们设定好,现在不管适配什么机型,都会出现在屏幕的中间。
- 获取扫描的值
#pragma mark - AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputMetadataObjects:(NSArray *)metadataObjects fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection{
AVMetadataMachineReadableCodeObject *metadataObject = metadataObjects.firstObject;
if ([metadataObject.type isEqualToString:AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode] && !self.isQRCodeCaptured) {
self.isQRCodeCaptured = YES;
[self showAlertViewWithMessage:metadataObject.stringValue];
}
}
获取扫描的值,必须要实现上面的这个代理方法,中间的自定义方法可以略去,直接看实现的步骤就好。
扫描框的外观
- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect{
CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
CGContextSetRGBFillColor(context, 40/255.0, 40/255.0, 40/255.0, .5);
CGContextFillRect(context, rect);
NSLog(@"%@", NSStringFromCGSize(TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height])));
CGRect clearDrawRect = CGRectMake(rect.size.width / 2 - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width / 2,
rect.size.height / 2 - TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height / 2,
TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).width,TransparentArea([QRScanView width], [QRScanView height]).height);
CGContextClearRect(context, clearDrawRect);
[self addWhiteRect:context rect:clearDrawRect];
[self addCornerLineWithContext:context rect:clearDrawRect];
}
- (void)addWhiteRect:(CGContextRef)ctx rect:(CGRect)rect {
CGContextStrokeRect(ctx, rect);
CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 1, 1, 1, 1);
CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 0.8);
CGContextAddRect(ctx, rect);
CGContextStrokePath(ctx);
}
- (void)addCornerLineWithContext:(CGContextRef)ctx rect:(CGRect)rect{
//画四个边角
CGContextSetLineWidth(ctx, 2);
CGContextSetRGBStrokeColor(ctx, 83 /255.0, 239/255.0, 111/255.0, 1);//绿色
//左上角
CGPoint poinsTopLeftA[] = {
CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+0.7, rect.origin.y),
CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+0.7 , rect.origin.y + 15)
};
CGPoint poinsTopLeftB[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y +0.7),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x + 15, rect.origin.y+0.7)};
[self addLine:poinsTopLeftA pointB:poinsTopLeftB ctx:ctx];
//左下角
CGPoint poinsBottomLeftA[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+ 0.7, rect.origin.y + rect.size.height - 15),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x +0.7,rect.origin.y + rect.size.height)};
CGPoint poinsBottomLeftB[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x , rect.origin.y + rect.size.height - 0.7) ,CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+0.7 +15, rect.origin.y + rect.size.height - 0.7)};
[self addLine:poinsBottomLeftA pointB:poinsBottomLeftB ctx:ctx];
//右上角
CGPoint poinsTopRightA[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+ rect.size.width - 15, rect.origin.y+0.7),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x + rect.size.width,rect.origin.y +0.7 )};
CGPoint poinsTopRightB[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+ rect.size.width-0.7, rect.origin.y),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x + rect.size.width-0.7,rect.origin.y + 15 +0.7 )};
[self addLine:poinsTopRightA pointB:poinsTopRightB ctx:ctx];
CGPoint poinsBottomRightA[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+ rect.size.width -0.7 , rect.origin.y+rect.size.height+ -15),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x-0.7 + rect.size.width,rect.origin.y +rect.size.height )};
CGPoint poinsBottomRightB[] = {CGPointMake(rect.origin.x+ rect.size.width - 15 , rect.origin.y + rect.size.height-0.7),CGPointMake(rect.origin.x + rect.size.width,rect.origin.y + rect.size.height - 0.7 )};
[self addLine:poinsBottomRightA pointB:poinsBottomRightB ctx:ctx];
CGContextStrokePath(ctx);
}
- (void)addLine:(CGPoint[])pointA pointB:(CGPoint[])pointB ctx:(CGContextRef)ctx {
CGContextAddLines(ctx, pointA, 2);
CGContextAddLines(ctx, pointB, 2);
}
我们对于扫描框是直接采用了复写drawRect的方法来绘制的,包括我们常见的四个边框。
- 二维码扫描线的样式
对于二维码的扫描线,我给定了四种模式
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, ScanLineMode) {
ScanLineModeNone, //没有扫描线
ScanLineModeDeafult, //默认
ScanLineModeImge, //以一个图为扫描线 类似一根绿色的线上下扫动
ScanLineModeGrid, //网格状,类似于支付宝的扫一扫
};
所以在我封装的类里,切换不同的模式,可以实现各种二维码扫描的状态。代码稍后会传到GitHub上分享。
至此就已经完成了基本的二维码功能,今天的分享也到这里了。