Android Url的一些常见处理

日常开发的时候,会遇到各种各样的Url.这里就总结一些常见的Url遇到的一些问题,以及对应的处理方式

常见问题

• 参数问题
• 重定向问题
• Url长度问题
• Url传递过程中编码问题

1.Url 参数处理

1.1 获取Url 指定参数的值

 /**
     * 获取Url的原来参数值
     */
    fun getQueryParameterValue(url: String, key: String): String? {

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) return url
        var uri = Uri.parse(url)
        if (uri.isOpaque()) {
            return url
        }
        //利用Map的唯一性拼接参数
        var parameterMap = getParameterMap(url)
        return parameterMap.get(key)

    }

    /**
     *  获取Url参数的值(Decode之后的)
     *
     *  getQueryParameter()  方法是默认Decode的
     *
     */
    fun getQueryParameterDecodeValue(url: String, key: String): String? {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) return ""
        var uri = Uri.parse(url)
        if (uri.isOpaque()) {
            return ""
        } else {
            return Uri.parse(url).getQueryParameter(key)
        }
    }

  /**
     * 把url 的参数转为Map存储
     */
    private fun getParameterMap(
        url: String
    ): HashMap<String, String> {
        var map: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap<String, String>()
        // 参数名字的列表
        var parameter = Uri.parse(url).queryParameterNames
        parameter.forEach {
            if (getQueryParameterDecodeValue(url, it) != null)
                map.put(it, getQueryParameterDecodeValue(url, it)!!)
        }
        return map
    }

1.2 添加和删除指定参数

/**
     * 删除Encode 的参数
     */
    fun deleteQueryParameterDecodeValue(url: String, key: String): String {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) return url
        var uri = Uri.parse(url)
        if (uri.isOpaque()) {
            return url
        }
        if (!url.contains("?")) {
            url + "?"
        }
        var urlStart = url.split("?").get(0)
        //利用Map的唯一性拼接参数
        var parameterMap = getParameterMap(url)
        //利用map的唯一性 存储或者更新值
        if (parameterMap.containsKey(key)){
            parameterMap.remove(key)
        }
        //参数的map
        var appendUrl = appendMapParameter(parameterMap)
        var division = "?"
        return "$urlStart$division$appendUrl"
    }

   /**
     * 添加 Encode 的参数
     */
    fun addQueryParameterDecodeValue(url: String, key: String, value: String): String {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) return url
        var uri = Uri.parse(url)
        if (uri.isOpaque()) {
            return url
        }
        if (!url.contains("?")) {
            url + "?"
        }
        var urlStart = url.split("?").get(0)
        //利用Map的唯一性拼接参数
        var parameterMap = getParameterMap(url)
        //利用map的唯一性 存储或者更新值
        parameterMap.put(key, Uri.encode(value))
        //参数的map
        var appendUrl = appendMapParameter(parameterMap)
        var division = "?"
        return "$urlStart$division$appendUrl"
    }

 /**
     * url 添加参数
     */
    fun addQueryParameterValue(url: String, key: String, value: String): String {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url) || TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) return url
        var uri = Uri.parse(url)
        if (uri.isOpaque()) {
            return url
        }

        if (url.contains("#")) {
            url.replace("#", "%23")
        }
        if (!url.contains("?")) {
            url + "?"
        }
        var urlStart = url.split("?").get(0)
        //利用Map的唯一性拼接参数
        var parameterMap = getParameterMap(url)
        //利用map的唯一性 存储或者更新值
        parameterMap.put(key, value)
        //参数的map
        var appendUrl = appendMapParameter(parameterMap)
        var division = "?"
        return "$urlStart$division$appendUrl"
    }


/**
     * map 拼接成字符串
     */
    private fun appendMapParameter(parameterMap: HashMap<String, String>): String {
        var stringBuilder = StringBuilder()

        parameterMap.keys.forEach {
            stringBuilder.append(it).append("=").append(parameterMap.get(it)).append("&")
        }
        if (stringBuilder.length > 0) {
            stringBuilder.deleteCharAt(stringBuilder.length - 1)
        }
        return stringBuilder.toString()
    }

    /**
     * 把url 的参数转为Map存储
     */
    private fun getParameterMap(
        url: String
    ): HashMap<String, String> {
        var map: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap<String, String>()
        // 参数名字的列表
        var parameter = Uri.parse(url).queryParameterNames
        parameter.forEach {
            if (getQueryParameterDecodeValue(url, it) != null)
                map.put(it, getQueryParameterDecodeValue(url, it)!!)
        }
        return map
    }

2.获取重定向地址的真实地址

package com.wu.base.util;

import android.text.TextUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.reactivex.Observable;
import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe;
import io.reactivex.ObservableSource;
import io.reactivex.Observer;
import io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers;
import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable;
import io.reactivex.functions.Function;
import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.Callback;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

/**
 * @author wkq
 * @date 2022年07月22日 16:15
 * @des 重定向Url处理工具
 */

public class UrlRedirectUrlUtil {
    //是否Encode
    private static boolean isEncode = false;
    private static Disposable callDisposable;


    //获取重定向后的真实地址
    public static String getRedirectUrl(String path) {

        boolean isEncode = false;
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
            return "";
        }
        if (findEnd(path)) {
            return path;
        }
        if (isShortUrl(path))
            return path;
        try {
            if (path.contains("#")) {
                path = path.replace("#", URLEncoder.encode("#"));
                isEncode = true;
            }
            OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
            Request request = new Request.Builder()
                    .addHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8")
                    .addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br")
                    .addHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9")
                    .addHeader("Connection", "keep-alive")
                    .addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Mobile Safari/537.36")
                    .url(path)
                    .build();
            Call mCall = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
            Response response = mCall.execute();
            String backUrl = response.header("Location");
            if (response.code() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_TEMP && response.code() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM) {
                String requestPath = response.request().url().toString();
                if (isEncode) {
                    requestPath = requestPath.replace("%23", URLDecoder.decode("%23"));
                    isEncode = false;
                }
                return requestPath;
            } else {
                return getRedirectUrl(backUrl);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return path;
        }
    }


    //处理重定向的Url
    public static void getRedirectUrl(String url, ResponseCallBack callBack) {
        if (callBack == null) return;
        //取消上一个请求
        cancelRequest();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
            callBack.getRedirectFail();
            return;
        }
        if (findEnd(url)) {
            callBack.getRedirectSuccess(url);
            return;
        }
        if (isShortUrl(url)) {
            callBack.getRedirectSuccess(url);
            return;
        }


        callDisposable = Observable
                .create((ObservableOnSubscribe<String>) emitter -> {
                    if (url.contains("#")) {
                        isEncode = true;
                        emitter.onNext(url.replace("#", URLEncoder.encode("#")));
                    } else {
                        emitter.onNext(url);
                    }
                    emitter.onComplete();
                })
                .flatMap((Function<String, ObservableSource<String>>) s -> new Observable<String>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super String> observer) {
                        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
                        builder.header("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8");
                        builder.header("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br");
                        builder.header("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9");
                        builder.header("Connection", "keep-alive");
                        builder.header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.0; AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.98 Mobile Safari/537.36");
                        Request request = builder.url(s).get().build();

                        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient()
                                .newBuilder()
                                .followRedirects(false)
                                .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置连接超时时间
                                .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                                .readTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//设置读取超时时间
                                .build();
                        client.writeTimeoutMillis();
                        client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
                            @Override
                            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                                observer.onError(new Throwable("解析失败"));
                            }

                            @Override
                            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                                String path = url;

                                if (response.code() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_TEMP || response.code() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_MOVED_PERM) {
                                    String location = response.headers().get("Location");
                                    if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(location)) {
                                        path = location;
                                    }
                                    if (isEncode) {
                                        path = path.replace("%23", URLDecoder.decode("%23"));
                                        isEncode = false;
                                    }
                                }
                                observer.onNext(path);
                                observer.onComplete();
                            }
                        });
                    }
                })
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                .subscribe(
                        path -> callBack.getRedirectSuccess(path),
                        throwable -> callBack.getRedirectFail());

    }

    //    取消请求
    public static void cancelRequest() {
        if (callDisposable != null && !callDisposable.isDisposed()) {
            callDisposable.dispose();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 判断是否是是讯云短连接
     *
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean isShortUrl(String url) {

        return false;

    }

    /**
     * 判断外部链接.MP4结尾
     */
    public static boolean findEnd(String url) {
        if (url.endsWith(".mp4")) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }


    public interface ResponseCallBack {
        void getRedirectSuccess(String url);

        void getRedirectFail();
    }

}

3.处理地址过长问题

日常开发的时候有一些三方SDK对Url的长度做出了限制,再加上日常使用过程中Url贼长让需要对Url做操作的同事极度反感,这个时候就需要对很长的Url做处理,以下是个人对长连接做的处理

• 缩短器:后台来个长变短的服务,其实也就是一个字符串变短的算法,移动端请求接口即可
• 对Url的参数进行编码使参数变短

4.Url参数编码问题

Url在分享,浏览器打开的时候中文或者特殊字符会影响Url的使用,所以在给Url处理参数的时候,给参数做统一编码(Encode)显得特别重要.假如是复杂和长期维护的项目,建议项目架构的时候就处理掉这个问题,不然后期会疯(亲身经历).

总结

日常开发中,会遇到各种各样的Url,所以涉及到的Url处理也就各种各样,建议将Url做一个统一进出的工具 统一管理各种Url的操作.其中涉及到的Url参数转码问题要慎重,要提前和H5和IOS沟通好防止出现Url处理不同意问题.