WORDS

1.Nudge

Over the years, however, many women wrote to nudge me about this.（slightly negative）

I stand nudged. Most of the nudgers urged me to adopt the plural: to use “readers” and “writers,” followed thereafter by “they.”（slightly negative）

I resolved not to let my writing go into slow motion—not to nudge the reader with significance.（slightly negative）

(1).If you nudge someone to do something,you persuade them to do it.

劝说

Put into action by pestering or annoying gently (有点负面的意思，烦扰，唠叨）

(2).之前出现过：Anything will do, as long as it nudges his curiosity and tugs at his sleeve.

(You pull someone gently in order to draw their their attention.)

好奇心被点燃.

2.Demean

demean the ability of a woman to do a certain kind of job (“lady lawyer”)

If you demean someone,you don’t show any respect for them.

贬损 玷污

Eg. Some groups say that pornography demeans women.

例子：The president demeans the disabled people.

3.Essence

Rewriting is the essence of writing well: it’s where the game is won or lost.

If you describe A is a essence of B,you mean If you want to achieve A,you must do B.B is a crucial thing to succeed.

至关重要的，不可缺少的

Eg. Speed was of the essence in a project of this type.

例子：The essence of success is diligent.

4.Fiddle

Many people assume that professional writers don’t need to rewrite;the words just fall into place. On the contrary, careful writers can’t stop fiddling.

If you fiddle with something,you mean you do some minor change to it. to change or handle in a way that shows you are not sure what to do.摆弄，修改

Eg.She told Whistler that his portrait of her was finished and to stop fiddling with it.

例子：I can’t stop fiddling with my painting.

Fiddling

If you describe something is fiddling,you mean it is small,unimportant and annoying.

Eg. the daunting amount of fiddling technical detail.

令人生畏的大量繁琐的技术细节

例子：This application can help you avoid the fiddling procedures of data analysis.

5.Preoccupied

Were people really so preoccupied with their television sets and their cars and their fitness programs that they had no time for friendship?

If you describe someone is preoccupied with something,you mean they think it too much and even don’t notice other things.

You can be preoccupied with a person, a place, or even a hobby, like collecting baseball cards or seashells.

Eg.Tom Banbury was preoccupied with the missing Shepherd child and did not want to devote time to the new murder...

汤姆·班伯里一心寻找谢泼德家失踪的孩子，不想花时间处理这起新的谋杀案。

例子：After met her,he is so preoccupied with her so that he didn’t hear the boiling water.

REFLECTION

[sexism]

In order to reach the readers you want,writers should get rid of the expressions that might imply sex discrimination. Method:replace "he" for "we".Use "our" and "the" instead of "his".

[rewriting]

Always rewrite to make sure that your readers can read your papers soomthly.

to reshape,tighten,refine the raw material.

[writing on a computer]

computer is a good tool to save time and lessen your workload.

[Trust your material]

Don't give your readers too much information and leave them some room to imagine.

[Go with your interests]

No aera of life is stupid or bored if you put your heart into it.

No area of life is stupid to someone who takes it seriously. If you follow your affections you will write well and will engage your readers.
No subject is too specialized or too quirky if you make an honest connection
with it when you write about it.

在写作主题这一方面感触较深，如果能全身心地投入一个主题的写作，去搜集资料，去整理成章，都会成为一个很好的主题。