初级美语 L035：There’s Little Food 解析

一、Reading

Fred's having a party, but he's very embarrassed. There are many people at his party, but there's very little food. There's very little meat. There isn't much rice, either. There are only a few cans of coke and a little orange juice. However, everyone is happy at the party because there's plenty of beer.

二、解析

■ Fred's having a party, but he's very embarrassed.

• 前句时态：进行时
• 主：Fred
• 谓：is having
• 宾：a party
• 连词：but
• 主：he
• 系：is
• 状：very
• 表：embarrassed.

■ There are many people at his party, but there's very little food.

• 表：There
• 系：are
• 定：many
• 主：people
• 地状：at his party
• 并列连词：but
• 表：there
• 系：is
• 状：very
• 定：little
• 主：food.

many：adj. “许多个”，后接复数名词。

■ There's very little meat.

• 表：There
• 系：is
• 状：very
• 定：little
• 主：meat.

little：“很少，没多少”。之后接不可数名词，有否定意味。
a little：“有一点”。之后接不可数名词，有肯定意味。

■ There isn't much rice, either.

• 表：There
• 系：is
• 状：not
• 定：much
• 主：rice，
• 状：either.

much：“许多”。之后接不可数名词，用于否定句。肯定句应使用 a lot of / lots of.
not...either：一定要与 not 连用，形成表“也不”的意思。

■ There are only a few cans of coke and a little orange juice.

• 表：There
• 系：are
• 定：only
• 主：a few cans of coke and a little orange juice.
  • 定：a few
  • 主1：cans of coke
  • 并列连词：and
  • 定：a little
  • 主2：orange juice.

few：“没几个”，后接复数名词，有否定意味。
a few：“有几个”，后接复数名词，有肯定意味。
only a few = few：没几个。

■ However, everyone is happy at the party because there's plenty of beer.

• 状：However
• 主：everyone
• 系：is
• 表：happy
• 地状：at the party
• 原因状从：because there's plenty of beer.
  • 引导词：because
  • 表：there
  • 系：is
  • 定：plenty of
  • 主：beer.

三、语法：

表数量的形容词用法：

3.1、之后须接复数名词者：

• few：有少数，没几个，
• a few：有几个
• several：数个（意思接近 a few，但可能数目较 a few 多。）
• many：许多个。

注：

1. few 表示“有少数，没几个”，有否定意味；a few 表示“有几个”，有肯定意味。
2. quite a few 表示“不少的，相当多的”（= many）。
3. only a few 表示“只有几个”（= few 没几个）。

3.2 之后需接不可数名词者：

little：很少，没多少。

• a little：有一点。
• much：许多。

注：

1. little 表示“没多少”，有否定意味；a little 表示“有一点”，有肯定意味。
2. quite a little：不少的，相当多的。
3. much 用于用于否定句中，而不用于肯定句中。肯定句应使用 a lot of 或 lots of。
4. a great deal of 亦表示“许多的，大量的”，之后须接不可数名词。

3.3 之后可接复数名词或不可数名词者：

• some：一些。
• a lot of (= lots of)：许多的。
• plenty of：不少的，相当多的。