如何成为一个高能阅读者——如何阅读一本书Chapter5
CH5 How to Be a Demanding Reader
为什么读一本书会打瞌睡？为什么一本书都读不完？ Why?
是你不够努力吗？看看你那些半途而废的书，为什么没读完？（前提，这是一本好书）
我想不是因为你不够努力，是你不知道如何成为一个高能的阅读者，不知道如何从书本中获益。
“The reason (fail to read a book) is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.” p46
如何成为一个高能阅读者？作者在书中把阅读称为“阅读的艺术”。
如何更好的理解“阅读的艺术”这一概念？
拿绘画打个比方。很多小伙伴喜欢画画，大多数这种爱好可能无疾而终。原因大概有两个方面，1.没有掌握绘画的方法；2. 知道方法，没有经过大量的训练和日复一日的练习。对绘画来说，大部分人始于喜欢，止于喜欢；最终无法掌握绘画这门技能。
阅读跟绘画一样，有一套规则，方法，我们称为技能，掌握了这些方法，勤加练习，你也能掌握读书这门技能，感受阅读的艺术。要注意的是：知道方法是一回事，掌握技能是另一回事。
第五章中，作者给了我们一些实操方法，比如不同的阅读层次如何提问；如何跟作者对话；如何做笔记等等。方法固然重要，把方法转化成技能才是最重要的。
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1. sedative
To use a good book as a sedative is conspicuous waste.
noun
a drug taken for its calming or sleep-inducing effect
镇静剂; 安眠药。
adjective
promoting calm or inducing sleep
镇静的; 安眠的：
2.indispensable/ˌɪndɪsˈpensəbl/
Why is marking a book indispensable to reading it?
adjective
absolutely necessary
不可或缺的, 必需的：
3. inveterate
To inveterate book-markers, the front endpapers are often the most important.
having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and unlikely to change
根深蒂固的, 顽固不化的：
4. over one’s head
beyond one's comprehension or competence
so as to pass over one's superior standing or authority
5. coalesce /ˌkəʊəˈles/verb
The parts coalesce and telescope as each reaches the stage of automatic execution.
come together and form one mass or whole
接合, 结合, 汇合：
Summary of chapter 5
How to be a demanding reader?
Firstly, you have to be an active reading. Learn to ask questions while reading and answer questions by yourself in the course of reading.
What’s the difference between the demanding and the undemanding reader. The latter asks no questions—and gets no answers.
There are four basic questions a reader asks:
What is the book about?
what is being said in details, and how?
Is the book true, in whole or part?
What of it?
Secondly, only knowing four basic questions is is not enough. You must try to practice during reading. Knowing the rules of an art is not the same as having the habit. After all, reading is not easy to learn. You have to use your mental energy to communicate with the author to try to reach his level. Practice makes perfect.
How to make a Book your Own?
The act of buying a book does not mean you really possess a book. Full ownership of a book only comes when you have made it a port of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is writing in it.
Here are some intelligent and fruitful devices for marking a book:
underlining
vertical lines at the margin
star, asterisk or other doodad at the margin
Numbers in the margin
number the other pages in the margin
circling of the key words or phrases
writing in the margin, at the top or bottom oft the page to record questions
In addition, there are three different kinds of note-making which depends on the level of reading.
structural noting for inspectional reading
conceptual noting for analytical reading
dialectical noting for synoptical reading
感悟：
如果说阅读是一门艺术，说明成为一个高能阅读者不是一件容易的事。如果你希望提高阅读能力，并成为一个优秀的阅读者，就要在遵循阅读法则的前提大量的阅读，没有捷径。在Outliers，《异类：不一样的成功启示录》中有相同的观点，比如一晚小时理论。
关于在书上写笔记，不一定完全按照作者的方法操作，因为每个人的笔记方法不同。但是，养成固定的习惯是非常重要的，如果你还没有好的笔记习惯，遵循作者的方法是不错的选择。
笔记方法中对我有启示的有三点：
1.在书页问题。我现在的做法是下小本子上记录，这样做的弊端是书本分离，增加查找的时间。
2.好好利用空白扉页，制作个人书目索引
3. 在有相同观点的不同书页标注参考页码，把散落在书中相同的观点汇总。
最后提一下中译本的问题：
作者说，读一本书，就是跟作者对话。如果你读的是中译本，由于语言和理解的因素，译本跟原作或多或少会有差距。这里不是说译本不好，读译本就好像两个语言不同的人对话，中间夹着一个翻译，翻译的好坏是以方面，语言的转换带来的偏差是另一方面。相信这种感觉大家都懂的。
在这里提一个译本中的问题：
“ Good books are over your head; they would not be good for you if they were not. And books that areover your headweary you unless you can reach up to them and pull yourself up to their level.”
这段中的over your head的词义在上面的每日一词中有解释，是超出你的理解范围，很难懂的，复杂的东西。
这句话我的理解是：好书难懂，因为超出你的理解范畴，在你未知的领域带给你启示，这就是好书。正因为超越了你的理解范畴，好书会消磨你的意志，除非你达到作者的高度。
译本的翻译把over your head 理解成你挂念的书在逻辑上是不对的
今日进步：这个小词让我意识到，不能因为这个词看起来简单而忽略它的的正确意思。让我意识到如果有能力读原版，建议读原版吧。
